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| 海洋生态系统服务的内涵和损失评估的进展及争议 |
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张蓬1,2, 石仞1, 丁丽1, 孙禾琳1, 葛林科1,2
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1.陕西科技大学 环境科学与工程学院, 陕西 西安 710021;2.国家海洋环境监测中心 国家环境保护近岸海域生态环境重点实验室, 辽宁 大连 116023
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| 摘要: |
| 为实现充分补偿污染事故造成的海洋生态环境损害的目的，应当合理地评估生态环境损害的程度并将损失货币化。其中，海洋生态系统服务价值的损失评估是至关重要的组成部分。本文首先回顾了国内外学者对海洋生态系统服务的定义、分类指标体系和价值的研究进展，然后提出目前评估海洋生态系统服务的损害程度和货币化损害方法中存在的争议和问题，包括：衡量海洋环境质量和生态系统变化的指标的单一性、文化服务的定义、指标和估算方法的缺陷以及生态系统服务基线的非稳定性等。最后展望了海洋生态系统服务损失评估的未来发展方向，提出需要深入研究的科学问题和进一步的管理要求。 |
| 关键词: 海上污染事故 海洋生态环境损害 生态系统服务价值 基线 评估方法 |
| DOI：10.11759/hykx20210407001 |
| 分类号:F062.2 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC1402405）；国家自然基金项目（22076112） |
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| Progress and controversy in the connotation and theoretical models of the assessment of marine ecosystem service loss |
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ZHANG Peng1,2, SHI Ren1, DING Li1, SUN He-lin1, GE Lin-ke1,2
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1.School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an 710021, China;2.State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem, National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
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| Abstract: |
| To achieve the complete compensation of marine environmental damage caused by ship-borne pollution incidents, the marine ecosystem loss should be assessed and evaluated properly. Therein, the ecosystem serviceloss is an essential component for ecological damage assessment. This paper reviewed the progress of the concept, scale, and category indicators of ecosystem service and payments for ecosystem service. Subsequently, some arguments and controversies on currently used payments for ecosystem service indicators and calculation method frames were elaborated, including the monotonicity of the indicator frame used in assessing the variation extent of the environmental quality and ecosystem service loss, concepts, calculation, and index of culture service as well as the choice of the ecosystem service value baseline. Finally, this paper proposed the future hotspots of ecological and economic research and scientific issues and management requirement of the marine payments for ecosystem service, from which the achievement made in the assessment of payments for ecosystem service would benefit both in scientific research and governing the exploration in marine eco-environment. |
| Key words: marine pollution incidents marine eco-environment damage ecosystem service value baseline evaluation methods |