| 引用本文: | 柳 阳,李 勇,高婷婷,孙亚琼,邦维,王顺奎,王晓晨.脂肪和蛋白质营养对封闭循环水养殖大西洋鲑生长和肌肉品质的效应[J].海洋科学,2013,37(6):47-59. |
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| 脂肪和蛋白质营养对封闭循环水养殖大西洋鲑生长和肌肉品质的效应 |
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柳 阳1,2,3, 李 勇1,3, 高婷婷1,2,3, 孙亚琼1,2,3, 邦维1,2,3, 王顺奎4, 王晓晨1,2,3
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1.中国科学院 海洋研究所;2.中国科学院大学;3.海洋生态养殖技术国家地方联合工程实验室;4.山东东方海洋科技股份有限公司
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| 摘要: |
| 为探讨饲料脂肪和蛋白质营养对工业化养殖大西洋鲑(Salmon salar L.)生长性能和肌肉品质的影响, 采用3×2双因素试验设计(3脂肪水平: 18%、21%、24%, 即F18、F21、F24; 2蛋白质水平: 38%、48%,即P38、P48),形成6种试验处理膨化颗粒配合饲料,每处理3重复, 通过在工业化封闭循环海水养殖条件下,选用初质量(650.0±45.50)g大西洋鲑720尾,进行动物饲喂试验、肌肉脂肪酸、氨基酸测试等,试验期56d。结果表明: (1)中脂肪水平(F21)和高蛋白水平(P48)饲料的生长性能较佳。增质量率随脂肪水平提高先增加后降低,中高脂肪组比低脂肪组极显著提高43.5%(P＜0.01);高蛋白组极显著提高44.99%(P<0.01);中脂肪高蛋白组合(P48F21)效应最佳;(2)脂肪水平对肌肉氨基酸含量影响不显著。蛋白水平与肌肉9种必需、4种风味氨基酸含量呈正相关,高蛋白组显著提高3.60%～17.00%(P<0.05/0.01);(3)脂肪水平与肌肉不饱和脂肪酸含量呈正相关,而蛋白水平与其呈负相关,高脂肪(P24)和低蛋白(P38)有利于提高肌肉不饱和脂肪酸含量。高脂肪组肌肉Σω-3PUFA、ΣHUFA、DHA、EPA含量比低脂肪组分别极显著或显著提高15.74%、26.60%、15.41%、7.67%(P<0.01/0.05);低蛋白组极显著提高肌肉DHA含量11.91%(P＜0.01)、EPA 10.02%(P＜0.05);低蛋白中高脂肪组合(P38F21、P38F24)效应佳。本试验研究证明,工业化工业化封闭循环水养殖大西洋鲑对脂肪营养需求有一定程度降低,本试验条件下中高脂肪与中低蛋白组合既利于提高生长性能,又增加肌肉ω-3HUFA和主要氨基酸沉积,为工业化养殖大西洋鲑的肉质改善型配合饲料研制提供了重要依据。 |
| 关键词: 饲料脂肪和蛋白质 肌肉脂肪酸和氨基酸 生长性能 大西洋鲑(Salmon salar L.) 封闭循环水养殖 |
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| 基金项目:大西洋鲑循环清洁生产系统研发与产业化资助项目(Y12316101H); 十二五国家科技支撑计划资助项目(201113AD13B07); 中国科学院院地合作项目(Y12530101L) |
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| The effects of dietary protein and fat on growth and flesh quality of Atlantic salmon (Salmon salar L.) in the recirculating aquaculture system |
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| Abstract: |
| In order to investigate effects of dietary fat and protein on the growth, FCR, content of muscle fat, protein, amino acid and fatty acid of Atlantic salmon (Salmon salar L.), a random 3×2 two-factor animal experiment was conducted for 56 days in a recirculating aquaculture system (650.0±45.50 g). The experimental diets include three fat levels (18%, 21%, 24%; F18, F21, F24) and two protein levels (38%, 48%; P38, P48). The results show that: 1) Medium fat level(F21)and high protein level (P48) exhibited better growth performance. Weigh gain ration(WGR)at high and medium fat levels(F21, F24)is 43.5% higher than low fat level (F18)(P<0.01). Growth performance shows a positive correlation with dietary protein level and high protein (P48) leads to a 44.99% more WGR than low protein (P38)(P<0.01). The medium fat/high protein combination results in a maximum WGR. 2) Dietary fat level doesn’t show significant effect on the content of amino acid (AA) in the muscle of Atlantic salmon, but dietary protein level has a significant positive effect on 9 kinds of essential AA (EAA) and 4 kinds of flavor AA, high protein is beneficial for depositing about 3.60%～17.00% AA in muscle (P<0.01 or 0.05). 3) High fat (P24) and low protein (P38) can improve the content of unsaturated fat acid (UFA) in muscle and dietary fat has a significantly positive correlation with UFA content. The Σω-3PUFA、ΣHUFA、DHA、EPA at high fat (F24) level is 15.74% (P<0.01), 26.60% (P<0.01), 15.41% (P<0.05) and 7.67% (P>0.05) higher than that low fat (F18) level respectively. Dietary protein and muscle UFA have a significant negative correlation and low protein levels can significantly increase contents of DHA and EPA by 11.91% (P<0.01) and 10.02% (P< 0.05), respectively. Low protein /medium or high fat combinations (P38F21, P38F24) have a higher muscle UFA. 4) This study demonstrates that in industrial recirculating aquaculture system Atlantic salmon’s appropriate fat content is about 21～24% lower than that reported previously in net cage, and dietary protein can significantly promote the efficiency of growth/feed conversion. In summary, dietary fat and protein have a certain correlation with AA and UFA in muscle, namely high protein facilitates the AA content while high fat/low protein enhance the UFA content. |
| Key words: Dietary fat and protein muscle fatty and amino acid growth performance Atlantic salmon (Salmon salar L.) recirculating aquaculture systems |
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