| 摘要: |
| 为拓展养殖空间, 发展开放海区鲍养殖产业, 在福建兴化湾新开发海区进行了抗风浪养鲍新技术的研究, 对开放海区与传统遮蔽养殖海区、延绳式PVC 管养技术与传统筏架式筐养技术进行了分析比较。结果表明, 经19 个月的养殖, 开放海区PVC 管养组鲍的日均增质量以及成活率分别为(106.41±5.33)mg/d 和82.75%, 显著大于处在开放海区和遮蔽海区的2 个筐养组(P<0.05)。冬春季为鲍的最佳生长时期, 其日均增长表现为PVC 管养组大于筐养组(P<0.05); 开放海区大于传统遮蔽养殖海区(P<0.05)。养殖器具的污损生物附着量则表现为所有筐养组均显著大于PVC 管养组(P<0.05)。夏秋季采用水下延绳式PVC 管养模式还能有效地避免高温、污损生物和台风的侵袭与危害。 |
| 关键词: 鲍 开放海区 养殖 新技术 |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(41176102); 福建省科技厅科技项目(2008SZ0001、2008S0012、2011S0017), 莆田市区域重大科技项目(2010N05) |
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| A novel technique for the underwater suspended longline PVC pipe cage cultivation of ablaone in open waters |
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| Abstract: |
| To develop a novel technique for abalone cultivation in open seawater, the growth of abalone Haliotis discus hannai under three culture regimes was studied in Xinghua Bay within the period from March 2010 to September 2011. At the same time, the marine fouling colonizing on outward surface of the cultivation cages was also investigated. Moreover, the influence of typhoon on the mariculture facilities, including the floating raft with traditional plastic baskets and the longline system with PVC pipe cages was analyzed. The experimental sites were located in Kengkouwan, the traditional sheltered waters for abalone cultivation, and the open waters southwest of Xiaoridao, which is a newly developing abalone mariculture sea area. The results show that the average weight gain and survival rates of abalones in the longline PVC pipe cage group were (106.41±5.33) mg/d and 82.75%, higher than those in the traditional plastic basket groups deployed in newly developing open waters and sheltered waters (P<0.05). Winter and spring are the best time for abalone growth and a clear seasonal growth pattern was presented. The average daily growth of abalone in the longline PVC pipe cage group was higher than the other two groups (P<0.05). The abalones growth is much better in the open waters than the sheltered waters. The dominant fouling species in Xihua Bay were acorn barnacles Balanus reticulatus and B. trigonus. Heavy fouling generally occurred in summer and autumn, particularly in the upper part of the water column in the open waters. Moreover, the fouling biomass colonizing on the underwater PVC cages was less than those settling on the traditional plastic baskets (P<0.05). In summer and autumn, the techniques of the longline PVC pipe cage cultivation will provide an effective way to prevent harmful effects from typhoons, high temperature and heavy fouling on the mariculture facilities and cultivated populations. |
| Key words: abalone open seawater mariculture novel technique |
