| 引用本文: | 何杰,吴旭干,龙晓文,赵恒亮,姜晓东,王幼鹏,成永旭.中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)野生和养殖蟹种对池塘养殖成蟹可食率和营养品质的影响研究.海洋与湖沼,2016,47(1):140-150. |
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| 中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)野生和养殖蟹种对池塘养殖成蟹可食率和营养品质的影响研究 |
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何杰,吴旭干,龙晓文,赵恒亮,姜晓东,王幼鹏,成永旭
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上海海洋大学 水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室,上海海洋大学 水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室,上海海洋大学 水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室,上海海洋大学 水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室,上海海洋大学 水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室,宿迁旭邦水产科技有限公司,上海海洋大学 水产种质资源发掘与利用教育部重点实验室
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| 摘要: |
| 长江水系野生中华绒螯蟹(以下简称河蟹)蟹种比经过多代人工养殖的池塘群体蟹种具有更好的养殖性能,尚不清楚两种蟹种养成后成蟹的可食率及其营养品质是否存在差异。本研究采用养殖实验和生化分析方法,比较了长江水系野生和养殖蟹种经池塘养成成蟹的可食率、肥满度、常规生化成分、脂肪酸和氨基酸组成。结果显示:(1)在相似的体重条件下,野生群体成蟹的肝胰腺指数极显著高于养殖群体(P<0.01),性腺指数显著低于养殖群体(P<0.05),两群体间的出肉率、总可食率及肥满度无显著差异(P>0.05); (2)两群体成蟹肝胰腺和性腺中的常规营养组成接近,但野生群体雄体肝胰腺和性腺中的碳水化合物含量显著高于养殖群体雄体(P<0.05);无论雌体还是雄体,野生群体肌肉中的粗蛋白含量显著低于养殖群体,但野生雄体肌肉中的粗脂肪含量和雌体肌肉中的碳水化合物显著高于后者(P<0.05); (3)就野生雌体脂肪酸组成而言,野生群体成蟹肝胰腺、卵巢和肌肉中的C18:1n9含量显著高于养殖群体雌体,但其C20:5n3、C22:6n3、ΣPUFA和ΣHUFA显著低于后者;就雄体而言,野生群体成蟹三种可食组织中的C18:2n6高于养殖群体,但其C20:5n3和C20:4n6低于养殖群体;整体上,肌肉中的HUFA含量显著高于肝胰腺和性腺; (4)就氨基酸组成而言,两群体雌体和雄体性腺中的氨基酸含量接近,均无显著差异,仅精巢中组氨酸和精氨酸含量存在显著差异;无论雌体还是雄体,养殖群体肌肉中的主要氨基酸和总氨基酸含量略高于野生群体,仅异亮氨酸和赖氨酸含量差异显著;此外,野生群体雄蟹肌肉中的亮氨酸、天冬氨酸、丝氨酸和组氨酸含量也显著高于养殖群体。综上,野生群体和养殖群体蟹种养成后成蟹的性腺指数和肝胰腺指数存在显著差异,但是两者总可食率和肥满度接近,整体上两群体脂肪酸组成存在较大差异,但是氨基酸组成较为接近。 |
| 关键词: 中华绒螯蟹 野生蟹种 养殖蟹种 成蟹养殖 营养品质 |
| DOI：10.11693/hyhz201401 |
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| 基金项目:国家863高技术发展计划项目,2012AA10A409-5号;科技部港澳台科技合作专项项目,2014DFT30270号;科技部科技型中小企业技术创新项目,14C26213201214号;上海高校水产学一流学科建设项目,2012-62-0908号。 |
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| COMPARISON IN EDIBLE YIELD AND NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF POND-CULTURED ADULT ERIOCHEIR SINENSIS FROM WILD-CAUGHT AND POND-REARED CRABSEEDS |
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HE Jie,WU Xu-gan,LONG Xiao-wen,ZHAO Heng-liang,JIANG Xiao-dong,WANG You-peng and CHENG Yong-xu
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Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Suqian Xubang Fisheries Science and Technology Co,Ltd,Jiangsu Sihong,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Education,Shanghai Ocean University
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| Abstract: |
| Although wild-caught juveniles (WC) of Eriocheir sinensis have better culture performance than pond-reared (PR) ones, it is unclear whether there are any differences in edible yield and nutritional quality. We conducted a culture experiment to analyze the biochemistry in terms of edible yield, condition factor, proximate composition, and fatty acid and amino acid compositions in edible tissues of adult crabs for WC and PR populations. Results show that first, the hepatosomatic index (HSI) of WC was significantly higher than that of PR (P<0.01), but the gonadosomatic index (GSI) of WC was significantly lower than that of PR (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in meat yield, total edible yield, and condition factor between the two populations (P>0.05). Second, for both males and females, the adult crabs of WC and PR had similar proximate composition in hepatopancreas or gonads, but the carbohydrate content in hepatopancreas and gonads of WC males was extremely significantly higher than that of PR males (P<0.01). Either females or males of WC had significantly lower protein levels than the PR; but significantly higher total lipids and carbohydrate content were found in muscle of the males and females of WC, respectively, than those in muscle of the same gender of PR (P<0.05). Third, in fatty acid composition of females, WC females had significantly higher percentage of C18:1n9, but significantly lower levels of C20:5 n3, C22:6 n3, Σ PUFA, and Σ HUFA in hepatopancreas, ovary, and muscles than PR females. In fatty acid composition of males, WC males had higher C18:2n6 levels and lower levels of C20:5n3 and C20:4n6 than PR males. Overall, the percentage of total highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) in muscle was significantly higher than that of hepatopancreas and gonads. Fourth, in both genders, amino acid composition in adult crabs of the two populations was similar for most of amino acids, except for arginine and histidine. No significant differences were found in other amino acid contents in gonads between two populations; either female or male adults of PR had slightly higher contents of major amino acids and total amino acids in muscle than those of WC. The only significant difference was found in contents of isoleucine and lysine. WC males had significantly higher leucine, aspartic, serine, and histidine contents in muscle than PR males. Therefore, the adults of WC and PR had significant differences in HSI and GSI, but similar in total edible yields and condition factor. Significant differences were found in fatty acid composition and in contents of some fatty acids, while similar amino acid compositions were found in gonads and muscle in the two populations. |
| Key words: Eriocheir sinensis wild-caught crabseeds pond-reared crabseeds adult crab culture nutritional quality |
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