| 摘要: |
| 随着我国经济的快速发展，黄河三角洲已经成为重要的石油工业基地和重要的农业开发区，兴建了许多港口和养殖基地。历史证明，由人工控制的黄河尾闾段河道已处于相对稳定状态，在三角洲区的经济发展过程中起了重要的作用。1976年黄河改道由清水沟流路入海以来，该流路已行水20多年，为了保障该区的发展，有关部门提出了稳定流路多年不变的方针，并经专家论证，可以继续使用50-70年。黄河是一条多沙性河流，30多年平均输沙量10.1×108t(1959-1992年)。菜州湾是一个极浅的小海湾，水域面积仅6000km2，平均水深8.6m，水深小于10m的极浅水域约占其总面积的60%。巨量泥沙入海导致河口及其近海区海岸地貌发生重大变化。1977-1992年清水沟流路河口沙嘴向海延伸了约35km，年均延伸速率为2.3km，使原河口区海岸线呈鸟嘴状向海突出，沙嘴南岸形成了一个凹入陆地的次级海湾(图1)。至1990年底，0m线以上造陆面积为453km2(郭永盛等，1992)，沙嘴向海延伸不但改变了该区海岸的走向轮廓，而且引起了沿岸泥沙运动的变化，影响了邻近港口的建设和发展。 |
| 关键词: 黄河口 沙嘴 港口建设 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:中国科学院海洋研究所调查研究报告第4041号。中国科学院重点资助项目，KZ952-424号；山东省软科办重点资助项目，97-8号。 |
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| IMPACT OF VARIATION OF WATER AND SEDIMENT FLUXES ON SUSTAINABLE USE OF MARINE ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES IN THE HUANGHE RIVER ESTUARY AND ADJACENT SEA Ⅲ. IMPACT OF LONG-TERM STABILIZATION OF THE LOWER COURSE OF THE HUANGHE RIVER ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF COASTAL PORT |
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Li Fan, Li Yongzhi, Zhang Xiurong
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Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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| Abstract: |
| Input of huge quantities of sediment discharged to the sea and change of the lower course of the Huanghe River cause great changes in coastal and submarine geomorphology and sand movement. The sand spit on the Huanghe River mouth extended 40 km to seaward from 1976-1996. The sand spits extending velocity is 2.1 km/a at present, and its front is less than 50 km from the east and south coast of the Laizhou Bay. If it continuously extend for some ten years, this part of Laizhou bay will become a lagoon. By that time, the marine ecology environment will change largely and the Xiaoqinghe River mouth and adjacent harbor will be silted. Many ports have been built on the Huanghe River delta coast and adjacent areas. The continued extension of the river mouth spit, wrong choose of inlet position, untimely use of the rivers lower course, any and all of these will affect to construction of ports there. The Huanghe River changed its lower course and emptied into Laizhou Bay from the Qing 8 branch in Aug. 1996. When the lower course started to change, the inlets direction of the main axis was N81°30’E. However, two months later, it extended NW. Sandy sediment discharged from the Huanghe River transported along shore to NW and turbidity water with fine sediment reached the vicinity of Dongying Harbor. In order to decrease the influence of sediment discharged from the Huanghe River on coastal ports in the adjacent coast, it is necessary to scientifically choose the position of the inlet, correctly control the use time of the rivers lower course, and change the direction of inlet in due course. |
| Key words: sand spit port |
