| 摘要: |
| 传统的观点认为，河水流入大海是一种浪费。为了充分利用河水资源，在大河干流筑坝引水、发电，据美国学者Milliman(1997)统计，1950年世界上大坝的数量约为5000座，20世纪80年代疾增到40000多座。大量淡水被贮存或用在陆地，入海径流便大幅度减少，导致大河河口及其邻近海域生态环境发生重大变化，海洋生物资源遭受到重大损失。加利福尼亚湾内科罗拉多河河口三角洲及其滨海区原为美国西南部最大的沙漠湿地，湿地资源极为丰富，海湾区曾是世界上鱼类最多、捕鱼量最高的海区之一，具有海洋生物资源非常丰富的良好生态环境。然而，由于科罗拉多河多道筑坝截流、入海径流量锐减，导致部分湿地干枯、生态环境退化、水质下降，海湾内捕鱼量急剧减少，许多依赖河流冲淡水发育的生物之生存发育面临毁灭的威胁；密西西比河三角洲区的湿地、潟湖区也因该河干流上大坝的不断兴建而导致生态环境退化；埃及阿斯旺大坝兴建后，由于入海水、沙等物质通量的大幅度减少，使地中海东部海区的沙丁鱼产量下降了近83%，海岸遭受强烈侵蚀，三角洲面积不断缩小。20世纪70年代初期，印度的恒河兴建法拉卡大坝，河口三角洲西岸陆域出现了明显的海水倒灌现象，同时引起了印、孟两国20多年的分水之争。 |
| 关键词: 入海径流量 生态环境变化 黄海 断流 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:中国科学院海洋研究所调查研究报告第4040号。中国科学院重点资助项目，KZ952-424号；山东省软科办重点资助项目，97-8号。 |
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| IMPACT OF VARIATION OF WATER AND SEDIMENT FLUXES ON SUSTAINABLE USE OF MARINE ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES IN THE HUANGHE RIVER ESTUARY AND ADJACENT SEA Ⅱ. VARIATION OF MARINE ENVIRONMENT DUE TO WATER FLOW CUT-OFF AND DECREASE GREATLY THE VOLUME OF WATER IMPUTED THE SEA FROM THE HUANGHE RIVER |
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Li Fan, Zhang Xiurong
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Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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| Abstract: |
| Excessive water drawn from a large number of dams and reservoirs built on the Huanghe Rivers main course caused cut-off of the water flow in lower course and decreased largely the discharged into the Bohai Sea. There are abundant wetlands and biological resources on the modem Huanghe River mouth delta. Marine biological resources are very rich in the Huanghe River estuary and adjacent sea area, The large decrease in the fluxes of water and sediment imputed into the sea and the cut-off of water flow will change greatly the marine ecological environment. For example, the delta coast will be strongly eroded by wave; the ecological environment of the wetland will degenerate; soil will change due to desertification; diluted water areas will disappear in the estuary; the influence of river water on the temperature of seawater will decrease greatly, nearcoast seawater will be characterized by high salinity, concentration of nutrients, such as phosphate, nitrate, silicate, in seawater will be decreased, etc. The balance of the ecological environment will be destroyed; and the tidal current distribution location of the amphidromic point of the M2 and high speed regions, etc. will change. All these affect greatly the sustainable use of the marine environment and resources in the Huanghe River delta and adjacent sea areas. |
| Key words: water flow cutoff decrease volume of water |
