| 摘要: |
| 近年来，有许多研究表明，水母类在某些近岸海域或半封闭型海湾，如美国的Narragansett湾和Cheseapeake湾，加拿大的新斯科舍省沿岸和Kulleet湾，德国的Kiel湾等，是影响浮游动物种群数量和鱼类补充量的重要因子(Denson，1982；Matsakis et al.，1991；Purcell et al.，1990，1994；Schneider et al.，1998)。由于以上海域食物丰富，海流对水母类的驱散作用较小，而且为水螅体提供了底栖生活的附着条件，因此，在这些海域水母类较丰富；而对于浮游动物和鱼卵及仔稚鱼来说，水体较浅，没有足够的空间隐藏或躲避捕食者的搜索，在这些海区水母类数量与浮游动物和仔、稚鱼数量往往呈明显的负相关关系。胶州湾是南黄海沿岸的一个典型的半封闭型海湾，而且是多种经济鱼、虾、蟹类的繁殖、育幼及索饵场所，因此很有必要对湾内水母类群落结构的生态特点有所了解，以促进对整个胶州湾生态系统动力学过程的全面认识。黄世玫(1983)和肖贻昌等(1992)曾报道过湾内水母类的种类组成，但调查时间都较短，而且只有种类记录，没有进行深入系统的研究。作者根据胶州湾1980年至1998年的历次调查资料，对湾内水母类群落的组成和结构作了较为详细的研究，而且分析了80年代以来湾内水母类群落结构的季节和年际变化。 |
| 关键词: 胶州湾水母、群落结构 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:中国科学院海洋研究所调查研究报告第3781号。国家自然科学基金重大项目，49790010号，国家自然科学基金重点资助项目，3963006号。 |
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| ECOLOGY OF JELLYFISHES IN JIAOZHOU BAY Ⅰ.SEASONAL AND ANNUAL CHANGES IN COMMUNITY STRUCTURE |
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Ma Xiping, Sun Song, Gao Shangwu
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Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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| Abstract: |
| This paper reports results of the authors’ study on community structure, seasonal and annual variations of jellyfishes in Jiaozhou Bay based on 1980 to 1998 investigations data. So far totally 62 species were found, among which 14 species were first recorded in Jiaozhou Bay. Of the 62 species, 56 belong to Hydromedusea, 4 Syphomedusea, and 2 Ctenophora. Most of these Medusea and Ctenophores are low salinity and wide temperature types, a few are high salinity and high temperature types. The dominant species was Obelia in spring were Phialidium, Eirene, Muggiaea atlantica, and Zanclea costata etc. In summer. Jellyfishes could seldom be collected in winter. The species abundance of jellyfish in Jiaozhou Bay was usually highest in June and July and quite high in autumn, but low in winter and spring. Analysis of annual variations showed that jellyfish species abundance decreased dramatically from 80s to 90s. |
| Key words: Jiaozhou Bay,Jellyfish,community structure |
