| 摘要: |
| 用大型底栖动物为指标来指示、监测和评价海洋有机质污染,国内外已有许多研究报道。但是,由于大型底梄动物世代时间较长,对中低度及非急性致死污染的反应迟缓,不够灵敏迅速,因此这方面的工作至今还未见令人满意的结果。随着小型底栖生物学,尤其是生态学在最近几十年的发展,给人们应用底栖生物来指示和监测海洋污染提供了新的科学依据。小型底牺生物的分布广,野外取样方便,世代周期短,保守的生殖策略,对环境的变化反应更灵敏迅速,因此使其在污染监测研究中有着更大的潜力(Moore & Bett，1989)。作为小型底栖生物的最优势类群一自由生活海洋线虫,因其具有极高的丰度和多样性,以及身体较坚硬不易破碎等优点,而成为污染监测的研究重点(Ferris et al.,1979; Heip et al.,1985)。有关污染环境中小型底栖生物的研究,国外已有许多报道，迄今为止,国内还研究甚少。
青岛湾东侧海滩主要接纳青岛市市南区排放的生活污水和混合废水,近年来大规模截污后,张志南等(1993)曾在此做过小型底栖动物群落的研究,发现线虫密度与小头虫(Capitella Capitata)有着相似的分布特点,并根据线虫群落多样性指数、线虫的取食特性及桡足类的相对丰度,对比Wu Boling et al..(1988)和孙道元等(1978)的研究,得出该湾有机质污染程度正在减轻的结论。但到目前为止,尚缺乏对该海区有机质污染状况及其变化的综合的系统研究。
作者于1991年4月-1992年3月在青岛湾东侧进行了底栖生物调査,本文试图通过对该有机质污染环境中小型底栖生物生态特点的研究,探讨污染指示种、主要类群的丰度、线虫与桡足类的比值(N/C)、线虫群落的多样性指数和种类组成等诸项生态学参数在有机质污染监测中的适用性和优缺点,为海洋污染监测及环境质量评价提供依据和最优选择。 |
| 关键词: 青岛湾、有机质污染、潮间带底栖生物、小型底栖动物、生态特点 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:中国科学院海洋研究所调查研究报告第2687号 |
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| STUDY ON MARINE BENTHOS IN AN ORGANICALLY POLLUTED INTERTIDAL BEACH OF QINGDAO BAY II. THE POLLUTION ECOLOGY OF MEIOBENTHOS |
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Dang Hongyue1, Huang Bo1, Zhang Zhinan2
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1.Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences;2.Ocean University of Qingdao
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| Abstract: |
| The ecology of marine meiobenthos was studied in an organically polluted intertidal beach of the eastern part of Qingdao Bay from April 1991 to March 1992.Based on the characteristics of meiofauna and environmental factors (e.g. DO2, PH,Eh and sulfide in pore water or sediment), the whole beach can be divided into four ecological zones: (1) grossly polluted zone, (2)polluted zone, (3) semipolluted zone,and (4) transitory zone. Compared with former studies here, it can be concluded that the polluted area has been greatly reduced after the shut-down of the main sewage outfall. Free-living marine nematode is the predominant group of meiobenthos in this polluted environment. Its density ranges from 36.7 in /10cm2 to 10298.6 in./10 cm2, and its relative abundance reaches 98.41% all over the transect. Of all the 45 species of nematodes, Metoncholaimus moles is the predominant species. Its population and the total density of nematodes show a clear and seasonally steady distribution pattern along the pollution gradient. Because of the strong influence of season and sediment type, the diversity of nematode communities and the hotly argued N/C (the ratio of nematodes to copepods) cannot serve as a sensitive pollution indicator.Cluster analysis of nematode communities shows that the species composition of nematodes exhibits a clear and seasonally steady distribution pattern along the pollution gradient and is strongly influenced by the pollution impact, and that there is an apparent species composition difference between the polluted transect and the control transects. Because of the short life span of marine nematodes, the species composition of nematode communities (compared to macrofuana) is a more sensitive indicator of the real extent of pollution impact. |
| Key words: MARINE BENTHOS,ORGANICALLY POLLUTED,INTERTIDAL BEACH,QINGDAO BAY,MEIOBENTHOS,POLLUTION ECOLOGY |
