| 摘要: |
| 河口沉积物中的有机物质和营养成分，部分直接来自陆源，部分则源于河口水体的生物化学作用。在有污染源的地区，水体携带着无机和有机污染物的微粒和某些洛于水的化学物质，它们在海水与河水混合的河口环境条件下发生沉淀；另一些溶解性的营养物质能促使浮游生物繁殖，这些生物死亡后也变为沉淀性的有机物质，致使底质状况恶化，在一定条件下会形成对海洋生物异常有害的腐泥。国内外关于利用底泥的有机组分来探讨河口水域有机污染状况的资料目前还较少，对衡量有机污染或海域富营养化程度的底泥测定项目也研究得很不够。通常只用底泥中的硫化物、有机碳(或COD)和氮等成分的含量来反映底质的状况，但由于海域自然环境状况不同，这些成分的背景含量也有很大的差异，往往难以对比。为对本河口区底泥中的有机组分的含量状况及其与有机污染的关系有较全面的了解，我们分析测定了河口区沉积物中的有机碳(TOC)，有机氮(TON)，总磷(TP)，腐植酸量(HA)、硫化物(S)，烧失量(IL)和阴离子表面活性剂(AS)等成分的含量。沉积物样品主要采于1984年5月。采样站位示于图1。根据站位设置的具体自然条件，可将调查区划分为三个区段：永定新河河口段，系指受潮汐影响的河段，包括A,B,C 和D站；大沽排污口区，系指天津南排污河河口段的E和11b站，以及海河防潮闸外侧的11a站；河口近岸海区，系指上述两区段站位以外的其他调查水域，包括北塘口、大沽口及其口外海域。对沉积物中的有机组分采用下列分析方法：有机碳——重格酸钾氧化法；有机氮——元素仪测定法；硫化物——腆量法；腐植酸——碱液提取法；阴离子表面活性剂——乙基紫光度法和原子吸收间接法(吴景阳等，1986 ；本集吴景阳等另文)；磷——比色法；烧失量——重量法。
本文着重讨论这些有机组分的含量分布特征及其规律。 |
| 关键词: 渤海湾海河口区、沉积物、有机组分、环境地球化学特征 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:中国科学院海洋研究所调查研究报告第1401号 |
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| THE ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY CHARACTERIZATION OF SOME ORGANIC COMPONENTS IN SEDIMENTS IN HAIHE RIVER ESTUARY |
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Wu Jingyang, Li Jianbo, Li Yunfei, Song Huailong
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Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica
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| Abstract: |
| In this paper, the concentration distribution laws of the organic C (TOC), organic nitrogen (TON), phosphorus (TP), humic acid (HA), sulphide (S), ignition loss (IL) and anionic surfactants (AS) in sediments in Haihe Estuary and their environmental characterization were discussed.
The average concentration values of each component in the region of Dagu sewage outfall are the highest, but the concentrations in the outlet section of Yongdingxin River are in about the same level as that in inshore area by comparing the three region of the estuary. However,. the concentration levels of organic components in this estuary are not any higher as compared with that in some bays in Japan. This may be attributed to the lower background value and higher silt discharges. The background concentration in the sea area of this region were esti-mated to be TOC-0.7%, N一0.08%, TP一一0.06% on the basis of the regional history data.
The regional distribution patterns of organic components shows the main sources of organic pollution in inshore estuary sediments are Dagu and Beitang outfalls, and the pollution in Dagu. is stronger than in Beitang. The high current velocity in river is the primal factor that makes the concentrations of the pollutants lower in the sediments of Yongdingxin River. The pollutants enriched in suspensates are carried to Beitang estuary to settle. The decay rates K of the components TOC, TON and HA in the sediments of outfall section are approximately the same 0.029, 0.04 and 0.031, respectively.
There exists distinct positive correlation between the concentration of AS and TOC, HA, S, TP as well as TON, but the relation between AS and IL is not clear. It is possible to use the AS correlation analyses to identify the sources of some components and their relation with the sewage. |
| Key words: ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY CHARACTERIZATION,ORGANIC COMPONENTS,SEDIMENTS,HAIHE RIVER ESTUARY |
