| 摘要: |
| 鯵科鱼类是暖水性与暖温性的鱼类，主要分布于印度洋、太平洋、大西洋热带和亚热带水域，也可随暖流到达纬度较高的地区。它们在世界上的分布范围从南纬55°至北纬65°，主要集中于南北回归线之间。据初步统计，世界各海区的鯵科鱼类约有290种，以印度-西太平洋热带水域为最多，约有173种；东太平洋与西大西洋(美洲东西两岸)次之，约119种;东大西洋较少，约40种。
鯵科鱼类的分布与暖流的关系甚为密切。例如在非洲东西两岸，由于暖流分布的情况不同，鯵科鱼类的分布也有显著差异，东南沿岸可分布至南纬35°左右，种数也多，约61种，而西部沿岸一般不超过南纬12°左右，种数就很少，约20种。在北太平洋东西两岸，由于黑潮暖流和北太平洋暖流的影响，鯵科鱼类分布的北界均达北纬45°左右。在北大西洋两岸，它们的分布北界则有所不同，西岸因受拉布拉多寒流影响仅达北纬45°左右，而东岸由于墨西哥暖流的影响，可达北纬65°的冰岛东南岸与挪威西部海岸。在南大西洋西岸它们可分布至南纬55°左右，而东岸只到达南纬12°左右(图1)。中国鯵科鱼类的分布情况也与暖流有着密切关系，在各个海区有所差异，以南海种类为最多，东海次之，黄海最少，有些种类仅在一定季节随暖流到达东海与黄海。 |
| 关键词: 鯵科鱼类 地理分布 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:中国科学院海洋研究所调查研究报告第732号 |
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| ON THE GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF THE CARANGID FISHES OF CHINA |
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ZHENG WEN-LIAN
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Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica
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| Abstract: |
| The carangid fishes are distributed mainly in the warm and temperate waters, but may range under the influence of the warm currents to areas of higher latitude. They are most abundant in the 1ndo-West-Pacific region.
The carangid fishes of China are well represented by 4 subfamilies, 166 genera and 70 species. The subfamily Caranginae is best represented, having 10 genera and 50 species, all of which are found in the South China Sea, 7 genera and 16 species range to the East China Sea, and 6 genera and 10 species to the Huanghai Sea. SecondIy, it is the subfamily Chorineminae which has 1 genus and 10 species, all occurring in the South China Sea. In the third place, the subfamily Seriolinae is represented by 4 genera and 6 species, all occurring in the South China Sea, 3 genera and 5 species in the East China Sea, only 1 genus and 3 species in the Huanghai Sea. The representation of the subfamily Trachinotinae is very weak， with only 1 genus and 4 species, all inhabiting in the South China Sea, and only a single species ranging to the East China Sea and Huanghai Sea.
According to the thermal adaptation of the species, the Chinese carangid fishes may be grouped into 2 types, viz., the warm-water and the warm-temperate species. The warm-water species are abundant, having 58 species (83% of the total); the warm-temperate species are rather few, with only 12 species (17%).
According to the geographical range of the species, the Chinese carangid fishes may be referred to 4 types: (1) the circumtropical-subtropical type, with 15 species (21% of the total); (2) the Indo-West-Pacific type, with 38 species (54%); (3) theWest-Pacific type, with 9 species (13 % ); (4) the endemic type, with 8 species (12 % ).
Due to the relative prevalence and seasonal variation of the warm currents, the number of species found along the coastal waters of China decreases with the increase in latitude. Among the 70 species of China, aI1 are found in the South China Sea, 22 in the East China Sea (31%) , and 14 in the Huanghai Sea (20%).
The fauna of carangid fishes of China is closely related to that of the neighbouring couutries. There are 50 species commonly distributed in China and 1ndonesia, 48 species in China and Japan, 45 species in China and Philippines and 18 species in China and Korea. There are 2 species confined in distribution to both China and Japan, 3 species confined in distribution to China, Korea, Japan and USSR. There are 8 endemic species in China, 10 in Indonesia, 3 in Philippines, 6 in Japan, and none in Korea. |
| Key words: GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION THE CARANGID FISHES |
