| 摘要: |
| 鳀鱼(Engraulis japonicus T. & S.)是鲱亚日(Clupeoidei)鳀科(Engrau1idae)的一种近海中上层小型鱼类，太平洋西北海区，如我国、朝鲜、日本及苏联远东水域均有分布。鳀类可供制鱼粉、鱼酱、鱼干或提炼鱼油等。近十多年中，全球渔业捕捞产量增加最大的是鳀科鱼类;最突出的是秘鲁鳀鱼(E. ringens) 其产量曾跃居世界第一位。
各国学者对鳀鱼类作了不少研究，尤其是欧洲学者对欧洲鳀鱼(E. encrasicholus) ，日本学者对鳀鱼，在繁殖习性、种群、洄游、分布和生产预报等方面作了不少研究。我国对这种鱼类过去注意得很少。根据捕捞经验，水产部门、科技工作者及渔民都认为，这种鱼类资源潜力不小，因而把它作为重要研究课题之一。 但由于研究不够充分，捕捞加工技术也未完全解决，目前这种鱼类资源尚未充分开发利用。 |
| 关键词: 鳀鱼卵子 仔稚鱼 形态发育 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:中国科学院海洋研究所调查研究报告第733号 |
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| STUDIES ON THE EGGS AND LARVAE OF ENGRAULIS JAPONICUS |
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Ruan Hongchao
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Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica
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| Abstract: |
| The present paper consists of two parts. The first part describes in detail the important morphological characters of the eggs, larvae and young fish of Engraulis japonicus Temminck and Schlegel. Description is based mainly on life organisms. The eggs used for observation were obtained from ]iaozhou Bay, Qingdao, with a plankton net during the spawning seasons in the years 1963 and 1964. The larvae hatched from these eggs were reared successfully in our laboratory to complete metamorphosis. Rearing continued for 76 days, and the largest one of young fishs reached a total length .of 60 mm.
The second part deals with the abundance and distribution of the eggs and larvae in Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea. The area of investigation covered was west of longitude 124°E and north of latitude 34°N. Samples were monthly collections made in 1959, by vertical tows with the plankton net having a mouth diameter of 80 cm, The duration of the spawning season .of the anchovy, Engraulis japonicus is very long, lasting for about 6 months. Spawning,. which begins in May, takes place first in coastal waters of less than 30 meters in depth, later, gradually shifting to deeper offshore areas. The surface water temperature of the spawning ground ranges between 13°C and 28°C, and salinity 29一33%. The spawning area is extensive. Except where the salinity of the water was lower than 29% and the transparency of the water was very poor，eggs and larvae occurred in most parts of the areas surveyed. |
| Key words: EGGS AND LARVAE ENGRAULIS JAPONICUS |
