| 摘要: |
| 本属包括的种类不多，主要分布于东亚、南亚及东非边缘浅海。个体较大，均为食用经济种类,有的种类为渔业捕捞对象。模式种为Rapana bezoar (Linnaeus)。
我国近海红螺属的种类，已往国内外都有不少报告，但迄今在种类鉴定上仍然存在一些令人困惑的问题，地理分布的记录也还有些混淆之处尚待澄清。
本文系统地整理了海洋研究所历年来在潮间带采集的标本及全国海洋综合调查的标本，共鉴定3种。其中红螺Rapana bezoar (Lirinaeus)分布于东海及南海,根据其形态的地理变异，我们认为东海的红螺，与南海产者比较，是一个独立的地方性种群。梨红螺Rapana rapiformis (Born)仅见于南海。脉红螺Rapana venosa (Valenciennes)主要分布于黄海和渤海，向南可见于厦门。以往定名的"强棘红螺" (Rapana peichiliensis Grabau et King, 1928)我们认为仅是脉红螺的一个生态型。红螺及梨红螺为我国与日本、菲律宾及印度洋的共有种；脉红螺为我国与日本及苏联远东海的共有种，近几十年来已进入黑海，为黑海的外来种。 |
| 关键词: 骨螺科 红螺属 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:中国科学院海洋研究所调查研究报告第448号 |
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| STUDIES ON SPECIES OF MURIDIDAE OFF THE CHINA COASTS Ⅲ.RAPANA |
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ZHANG Fusui
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Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica
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| Abstract: |
| Three species of the Genus Rapata are found to occur in Chinese waters, namely, Rapana bezoar (L.), R. rapiformis (Born) and R. venosa(Valenciennes).
R. bezoar(L.) is found in the Nan Hai (the South China Sea) and the Dong Hai (the East China Sea). We ohserved that there is latitudinal variation in the relative. breadth of its pseudo-umbilicus. Specimens found in the Dong Hai have a narrower pseudo-umbilicus far less typical than those found in the Nan Hai where the typical form with wider pseudo-umbilicus occurs. But so far we have not observed any morphological breaks within its geographic range,so we are inclined to consider them as representing two different local populations (eline) rather than as geographic subspecies.
R. rapiformis (Born) occurs only in the Nan Hai.
R. venosa (Valenciennes) is distributed mainly in the Huang Hai (the Yellow Sea.) and in the Bo Hai Wan (the Pohai Bay) and is also encountered as far south as Xiamen. Specimens collected from the open sea have rather small spines or even no spines, whereas those from the bay or :inshore areas are strongly spined. R. peichiliensis Grabau et King is merely an ecological form of R.venosa (Valenciennes).
In addition to previously mentioned differences between R. venosa (Valenciennes) and R. bezoar (L.),we supply two more distinguishing features:(1) in R. venosa (Valenciennes) the spiral ribs on the expbsed surface of the shell are rather depressed, and the fine spiral ribs between them number 8-9 or more, while in R. bezoar (L.) they are rather raised, and the fine spiral ribs usually number 6-7 or 1ess. (2) In R. venosa(Valenciennes) ，the anterior end of the tip of the egg capsule is complete, while in R..bezoar (L.) it is truncate. |
| Key words: Rapata MURIDIDAE |
