| 摘要: |
| 帚形动物门Phoronida全部在海洋中生活，全世界已报告近20种，近十年来法国人Emig作了系统的研究，经他整理后可承认的种大约有10个，我国仅1965年李复雪报告过在厦门发现过澳大利亚帚虫Phoronis australis Haswell。帚虫在外形上很难区分，必须作切片观察内部形态进行鉴定。1977年Emig检查了采自厦门保存在美国国立自然博物馆的两个帚虫，经鉴定系毯形帚虫Phoronis ijimai Oka。李的标本只描述了外形，种的问题还有待进一步确定。
1962年，我们在黄海青岛的阴岛潮间带发现了大量群生帚虫。群生生活的帚虫在种的鉴定上非常混乱，Silen怀疑日本和太平洋东岸加拿大及北美加利福尼亚的标本是蹄冠帚虫Phoronis hippocrepia Str. Wright，并认为毯形帚虫Phoronis ijimai Oka 和温哥华帚虫Phoronis vancouverensis Pixell可能是蹄冠帚虫的同物异名。1963-1964年，我们对采自黄海的群生帚虫进行了形态、生态和幼虫发育的研究后，不是蹄冠帚虫，经鉴定为毯形帚虫Phoronis ijimai Oka，现将研究结果报告如下。 |
| 关键词: 毯形帚虫 幼虫发育 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:中国科学院海洋研究所调查研究报告第445号 |
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| ON THE OCCURRENCE OF Phoronis ijimai Oka IN THE HUANG HAI, WITH NOTES ON ITS LARVAL DEVELOPMENT |
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Wu Baoling, Chen Mu, Sun Ruiping
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Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica
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| Abstract: |
| This paper presents the results of a study of the morphology, ecology and larval development of Phoronis ijima Oka collected from the littoral zone of the Huang Hai (Yellow Sea).
Phoronis ijima Oka is most abundantly distributed in the Huang Hai (Qingdao). Judging from its geographical distribution, it can be considered as a Warm temperate species.
Adult worms live on muddy stone near low tide level in relatively quiet water; Usually in dense clumps, occasionally in a thin encrusting layer.
The spawning season of Phoronis ijima Oka in Qingclao is in November to May:when the temperature of the sea water is between 4-16℃.
The fertilized eggs, the two-cell stage and eight-cell stage of cleavage, the larva 'with two tentacles and the larva with four tentacles are obtained from the tentacle crown. We observed larvae of specimen in the dish freeing themselves with four and six tentacles. These larvae (Actinotrocha) swim quickly, rise to the surface, then dive to the bottom of the dish; this movement is frequently repeated. But all larvae died later under laboratory conditions.
The larvae with eight tentacles were collected by means of plankton net from Jiaozhou Bay (Qingdao) were reared in the laboratory to complete their metamorphosis. As a result of which, we are able to identify the species as Phoronis ijima Oka.
Egg to larva with two tentacles: about four days.
Free-swimming period: 10-12 days.
Metamorphosis: about two hours. |
| Key words: larval development Phoronis ijima Oka morphology |
