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| 中西太平洋延绳钓渔业鲸类兼捕的空间变化及其环境影响 |
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石一茜1,2,3, 戴小杰1,2,3, 朱江峰1,2,3,4
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1.上海海洋大学海洋科学学院, 上海 201306;2.大洋渔业资源可持续开发教育部重点实验室, 上海 201306;3.农业农村部大洋渔业开发重点实验室, 上海 201306;4.国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心, 上海 201306
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| 摘要: |
| 鲸类物种和延绳钓渔具之间的相互作用是一种全球性现象, 该相互作用威胁到鲸类物种的保护和延绳钓渔业的经济可行性。尽管认识到鲸类兼捕问题, 但很少对其影响进行全面评估。根据中西部太平洋渔业委员会(WCPFC)科学机构提供的2013-2019年期间的观察员数据, 利用广义可加模型(GAM)分析金枪鱼延绳钓渔业中兼捕的鲸类与时空和环境因子的关系。结果表明:在中西太平洋海域, 共兼捕260头鲸类, 隶属于2目5科19种, 主要的兼捕对象是伪虎鲸(Pseudorca crassidens)、瓶鼻海豚(Tursiops truncatus)、里氏海豚(Grampus griseus)、短鳍领航鲸(Globicephala macrorhynchus)、糙齿海豚(Steno bredanensis)等。GAM模型对BPUE的总偏差解释率为71.7%, 经度的贡献率最大为34.3%, 各预测变量的相对重要性分别为经度>海表温度>叶绿素a浓度>纬度>单位捕捞努力量渔获量(CPUE)。鲸类兼捕主要由空间和环境因子所决定, 其中海表温度主要影响鲸类的相对丰度, 叶绿素a浓度影响鲸类的分布。未来, 渔业管理者可以利用环境因子作为鲸类物种热点指标, 将重点放在鲸类物种与延绳钓渔业的互动海域, 以更合适的方式实施鲸类兼捕的减缓措施。 |
| 关键词: 鲸类 延绳钓渔业 环境因子 GAM模型 中西太平洋 |
| DOI：10.11759/hykx20220512003 |
| 分类号:S932.8 |
| 基金项目:农业农村部远洋渔业管理技术支撑项目(21-0056) |
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| Spatial variation and environmental effects of concurrent whaling in longline fisheries in the Central and Western Pacific |
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SHI Yi-qian1,2,3, DAI Xiao-jie1,2,3, ZHU Jiang-feng1,2,3,4
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1.College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;2.Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China;3.Key Laboratory of Oceanic Fisheries Exploration, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201306, China;4.National Engineering Research Center for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai 201306, China
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| Abstract: |
| The interaction between cetacean species and longline fishing gear is a global phenomenon, threatening the protection of cetacean populations and the economic feasibility of longline fishing. Despite the recognition of the issue of bycatch, few comprehensive assessments of its effects have been conducted. According to the 2013-2019 observer data provided by the Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Science Services Provider of the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission, the cetacean bycatch effort and the relationship between spatiotemporal and environmental factors were analyzed using the generalized additive model (GAM). The results showed that a total of 260 cetaceans, including 19 species belonging to 4 families and 2 orders, were incidentally caught. The main cetacean bycatch species were identified as the false killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens), bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), Risso’s dolphin (Grampus griseus), short-finned pilot whale (Globicephala macrorhynchus), and rough-toothed dolphin (Steno bredanensis). The results showed that the deviance rate explained by bycatch per unit effort (BPUE) was 71.7%, and longitude was the maximal contribution factor, with a contribution rate of 34.3%. The results of stepwise GAM revealed the relative importance of factors that affect the BPUE, listed in the order of longitude, sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-a concentration, latitude, and catch per unit effort. The hot spots of cetacean bycatch are mainly determined by spatial and environmental factors, the relative abundance of cetaceans was mainly affected by sea surface temperature, and the distribution of cetaceans was affected by chlorophyll-a concentration. Environment factors could be applied as a hot index of cetacean by fishery managers, and interaction areas with longline fishery should focus on implementing cetacean bycatch-mitigation methods more suitably. |
| Key words: cetaceans longline fisheries environmental factors GAM model the Central and Western Pacific |