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| 21世纪初期海上丝绸之路大陆岸线位置变化特征 |
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宋洋1,2,3, 张玉新1,4,2,3, 侯西勇1,2,3
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1.中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所, 山东 烟台 264003;2.中国科学院海岸带环境过程与生态修复重点实验室, 山东 烟台 264003;3.山东省海岸带环境过程重点实验室, 中国科学院海岸带研究所, 山东 烟台 264003;4.中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
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| 摘要: |
| 基于遥感和GIS技术，利用Landsat影像目视解译提取2000和2015年海上丝绸之路大陆岸线数据，从整体、洲际尺度、国家尺度、热点区域和港口城市5个空间尺度分析大陆岸线位置变化特征。结果表明：（1）整体方面，2000年和2015年海上丝绸之路沿线地区岸线扩张和后退的比例（速度）分别约为8.21%（27 m·a–1）和6.42%（–22 m·a–1），陆地净增长954 km2，相当于整体向海扩张12 m；（2）洲际尺度，除南亚岸线后退比例高于扩张比例外，其他大洲岸线的扩张比例和强度均明显强于其后退的，其中，东南亚、西亚和南亚地区岸线扩张强度尤其剧烈，陆地增长显著；（3）国家层面，大陆岸线以扩张为主要特征；缅甸、越南、孟加拉国和阿联酋岸线扩张最为剧烈，陆地增长普遍超过100 km2；马来西亚、伊朗、沙特阿拉伯、印度和卡塔尔岸线扩张也比较显著，陆地增长面积在30~60 km2之间；波黑和斯洛文尼亚岸线保持稳定，巴基斯坦岸线后退尤为严重；（4）岸线扩张的热点区域主要分布在莫塔马湾、恒河三角洲、红河三角洲、肯帕德湾和阿联酋东中岸段等区域，岸线后退的热点区域主要分布在卡其沼泽地区；（5）迪拜、多哈、海防和阿巴斯等港口城市及周边地区岸线扩张趋势和强度都比较明显，陆地增长显著。本研究对于一带一路倡议的推进以及海上丝绸之路沿线的海岸带保护具有一定的指导意义。 |
| 关键词: 海上丝绸之路 大陆岸线 洲际尺度 国家尺度 热点区域 港口城市 岸线摆动 |
| DOI：10.11759/hykx20200812001 |
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| 基金项目:中国科学院战略性先导科技专项项目（XDA19060205） |
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| Characteristics of mainland shoreline position changes of Maritime Silk Road in the early 21st century |
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SONG Yang1,2,3, ZHANG Yu-xin1,4,2,3, HOU Xi-yong1,2,3
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1.Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China;2.CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai 264003, China;3.Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China;4.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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| Abstract: |
| Based on remote sensing and GIS techniques, the visual interpretation of Landsat images was used to extract the coastline data of the Maritime Silk Road (MSR) in 2000 and 2015, and the variation characteristics of the coastline position were analyzed from the overall, intercontinental, national, hot spots and port cities spatial scales. The results showed that:(1) as a whole, the proportion and speed of shoreline expansions and retreats were 8.21% (27 m·a-1) and 6.24% (22 m·a-1) respectively, the net growth of land was 954 km2, which was equivalent to the overall expansion of 12 m to the sea in the MSR. (2) On the continent scale, except for the advantage retreat proportion in South Asia, the shoreline expansions showed mainly swung trends in all continents no matter proportion and intensity, among which the shoreline expanded more violently and the land area increased violently in Southeast Asia, South Asia, and West Asia. (3) At the national level, expansion was the main characteristic of mainland shoreline swings; Myanmar, Vietnam, Bangladesh, and United Arabia Emirates (UAE) experienced the most violent shoreline expansion with land increase above 100 km2, followed by Malaysia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Qatar in that order with land increase within 30-60 km2; the shoreline kept stable and unchanged in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Republic of Slovenia, and the shoreline retreated most violently in Pakistan. (4) The hot spots of shoreline expansions were mainly concentrated in Gulf of Martban, Ganges Delta, Red River Delta, Gulf of Khambhat, and northeast and central coasts of UAE, and a violent shoreline retreat occurred in Khaki Swamp. (5) The land areas increased violently due to the more significance of both proportions and intensities for shoreline expansions in Dubai, Doha, Haiphong, and Abbas, and their surrounding areas. This research can give some purposes to the promotion of the Belt and Road Initiative and the protection of shoreline along the MSR. |
| Key words: Maritime Silk Road mainland shoreline continent scale nation scale hot spot port city shoreline swing |