| 摘要: |
| 对威海双岛湾大叶藻的形态及生长发育特征进行了实地观察和精细解剖研究。结果表明, 大叶藻的形态特征主要表现为: 营养枝具4～8 片叶, 互生, 具管状叶鞘, 叶片线型; 根状茎匍匐于底泥; 每节生两簇不定根; 雌雄同株异花, 佛焰苞花序, 两雄一雌单性无花被花交互排列于花序轴两侧, 花粉胶质丝状; 瘦果。其主要生长发育特征表现为: 叶和节间的基部具有分生组织, 叶和节间生长主要体现为基部的生长; 腋芽的发育具有明显的窗口期; 先出叶先于侧枝萌发; 实生苗或克隆分株的端枝经过近一年的生长分化为成生殖枝, 开化结果后即死亡; 同一花序内的雌花先于雄花开放, 水中受精, 果实败育率较高。大叶藻营养、生殖器官形态结构的特化和它们生长发育的时序优化充分体现了该种对海洋水生环境的高度适应性。 |
| 关键词: 大叶藻(Zostera marina L.) 形态 生长 发育 |
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| 基金项目:山东省科技攻关项目(2010GHY10507); 威海市海洋研究院项目(2009-1-1) |
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| Characteristics of morphology, growth and development of Zostera marina L. |
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| Abstract: |
| The morphology, growth and development of Zostera marina L. in Shangdao Bay, Weihai, China were analyzed through survey and dissection. The morphological characteristics of Z. marina L are: vegetative shoots with 4～8 leaves, alternate, tubular sheath, linear blade, rhizomes creeping in sediment, rhizomes creeping with elongated internodes, membranous, two cluster fibrous roots, monoecism, spathe inflorescence, two male and one female flowers arranged in two sides of inflorescence axis alternately, jelly filamentous pollen, achene. The morphological characteristics are as follows: meristem exists at the base of the leaves and internodal and its growth contributes to growth of leaf and internode. There is a window phase in axillary bud germination. Prophylls develop and grow faster than lateral shoots surrounded by them. Generative shoots are diverged from terminal vegetative shoots after one year vegetative growth and die after seeds mature. Female flowers blossom before male ones in the same spathe and fertilization takes place in seawater. The morphology and structure of Z. marina L. are specified to be suitable under submarine conditions and their development and growth sequence is also adaptable to this. |
| Key words: Zostera marina L. morphology growth development |
