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江苏近海海域鸟类多样性及其与风电、养殖关系分析
刘威¹, 张星烁¹, 徐海根¹, 杨波², 曹铭昌¹, 熊天石³, 韩永祥⁴, 袁屏⁵, 伊剑锋¹, 周大庆¹
1.生态环境部南京环境科学研究所;2.国家海洋局南通海洋环境监测中心站;3.江苏省野生动植物保护站;4.连云港墟沟小学;5.南京图书馆

摘要:

江苏近海海域是具有长久历史的鸟类学研究地区,对于海洋性鸟类繁殖、保护以及江苏省鸟类名录的修订具有重要地位。本研究首次系统调查、整理了近40年间江苏近海海域鸟类多样性,分析了鸟类多样性的群落结构及与风电、养殖的关系特征。通过对连云港、盐城和南通近海海域以及少数离岸岛屿4个季度的野外调查,共计发现鸟类69种2393只。其中,雀形目和鸻形目是近海海域鸟类组成的重要组成类群,鹱形目、鲣鸟目和潜鸟目在江苏近海海域具有稳定存在。本研究将江苏近海海域记录鸟类丰富到182种。2020年调查到的鸟类物种占总记录物种的37.91%,首次记录到的鸟种有27种。Pearson相关性检验显示风电建设与鸟类多样性在距离尺度上呈现显著的正相关关系,筏式养殖与鸟类多样性在距离尺度上呈现显著的负相关关系。表明江苏近海海域鸟类对风电场具有明显的规避倾向,而对筏式养殖区域具有明显的依赖倾向。针对当前江苏近海海域生物多样性保护水平较低、人为干扰严峻的背景下,本文研提了基于生物多样性保护的政策建议,为近海海域空间优化和保护地体系制定提供参考。

关键词: 江苏近海鸟类多样性保护建议物种编目

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基金项目:国家重点研发计划(2018YFC0507206)；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(GYZX210405)[Foundation: National Key research and development Program, No. 2018YFC0507206; Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, No. GYZX210405]

Analysis of bird diversity in Jiangsu offshore waters and its relationship with windfarms and mariculture

LIU Wei¹, ZHANG Xing-shuo¹, XU Hai-gen¹, YANG Bo², CAO Ming-chang¹, XIONG Tian-shi³, HAN Yong-xiang⁴, YUAN Ping⁵, YI Jian-feng¹, ZHOU Da-qing¹

1.Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences,Ministry of Ecology and Environment;2.Nantong Marine Environmental Monitoring Center;3.Jiangsu wildlife conservation department;4.Xugou Primary school in Lianyungang;5.Nanjing Library

Abstract:

Jiangsu offshore region is a key ornithological research area with a long history, which plays an important role in the breeding and protection of marine birds and the revision of the bird list in Jiangsu Province. This study systematically investigated and sorted out bird diversity in Jiangsu offshore region in recent forty years, and analyze its relationship with wind power and aquaculture. By surveying Lianyungang, Yancheng and Nantong offshore region as well as a few offshore islands such as Cheniushan island and Kaishan island, the results show that the bird species belonged to 69 species with 2393 individuals. Passeriformes and Charadriiformes were the dominant groups of birds in offshore region, and the population of Procellariiformes, Suliformes and Gaviiformes were stable in Jiangsu coastal areas. In this study, 182 species of birds were enriched in the coastal waters of Jiangsu province. the number of bird species surveyed in 2020 accounted for 37.91% of the total recorded species. 27 species of birds were recorded for the first time in Jiangsu offshore region. Wind power construction has a significant positive correlation with bird diversity on distance scale, while raft farming has a significant negative correlation with bird diversity on distance scale. The results indicat that the birds in jiangsu offshore area had an obvious tendency to avoid wind farms and an obvious tendency to rely on raft farming areas. In view of the current low level of biodiversity protection and severe human disturbance in Jiangsu offshore waters, this study proposes some politic suggestions based on biodiversity protection, which can facilitate the optimization of marine space and the formulation of localized biodiversity protection network in the offshore waters.

Key words: Jiangsu Province Offshore Bird diversity Protection suggestions Species cataloging