| 摘要: |
| 微藻是单细胞光合原生生物的统称。微藻富含高价值的产物，如蛋白质、DHA、虾青素等，广泛用于食品、保健品、化妆品和饲料生产。基因编辑技术是微藻遗传学研究和遗传改良的新工具。目前，广泛使用的基因编辑技术有锌指蛋白-核酸酶系统（zinc-finger nucleases system，ZFN）、转录激活样效应蛋白-核酸酶系统（transcription activator-like effector nucleases system，TALEN）和成簇规则间隔短回文重复（CRISPR）-CRISPR合作蛋白系统[clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats （CRISPR）/CRISPR-associated （Cas） system]，简称CRISPR/Cas系统。ZFN和TALEN融合了DNA特定序列识别蛋白和核酸内切酶，需要根据拟识别DNA序列修改识别蛋白氨基酸序列，过程繁琐，效率低，而CRISPR/Cas系统操作简便，只需设计拟识别DNA序列小引导RNA即可，编辑效率高，可同步编辑多个基因。目前，已有编辑干扰、编辑激活、编辑敲除、编辑插入等衍生系统，还有引导编辑、碱基编辑等，也可以编辑RNA分子。CRISPR/Cas在微藻中应用广泛。本文综述了CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑技术在微藻中的应用现状。 |
| 关键词: 微藻 基因编辑 CRISPR/Cas9系统 |
| DOI：10.11759/hykx20221014001 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:山东省重点研发计划（2022LZGC004），国家重点研发计划（2022YFF1102300），中央高校基本科研业务费专项（202262001）资助 |
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| Application of the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system in microalgae |
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LIU Li-xian, GUO Li, YANG Guan-pin
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College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
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| Abstract: |
| Microalgae are a group of photosynthetic protists. They synthesize diverse high value-added materials, such as protein, docosahexaenoic acid, and astaxanthin, which are widely used as food additives and in health products, cosmetics, and animal feeds. Gene editing may serve as a novel tool for microalgal genetic studies and genetic improvement. The currently available gene editing tools include zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) system, transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) system, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) system (CRISPR/Cas). ZFN and TALEN are fusion proteins, which include an effector (DNA sequence recognizer) and an endonuclease. They target a specific region of DNA and cut the surrounding sequence. This editing system is tedious as the effector must be modified for diverse editing sites. In comparison, the newly emerging CRISPR/Cas technology is easy to operate and highly efficient. It requires only a small guide RNA to be designed for each site. It can simultaneously knock out a single or a set of genes, mediate the insertion of a DNA fragment into a specific site, and its variants can interfere, activate, or switch off and switch on the expression of a gene. Prime editing and RNA editing have been developed, and diverse editing tools are being established for microalgae. In this paper, we reviewed the current status and application of the CRISPR/Cas9 editing system in microalgae. |
| Key words: microalgae gene editing CRISPR/Cas9 |
