| 摘要: |
| 近海的生态环境问题态势严峻。在机制上，普遍认为富营养化是导致近海环境恶化的主导因子，但实际上，营养盐的结构失衡对近海生态环境问题的产生可能起到了更重要的作用。目前关于营养盐结构失衡的主导因素和机制尚缺乏全面系统的研究。本文基于对已有数据和文献资料的整合分析发现，由于存在强烈的人类活动影响，中国近海营养盐结构失衡问题较过去更为突出，且可能引发潜在“磷消耗”问题，其影响在某种程度上较传统意义上的磷限制要强，并进而产生深远的生态环境效应。据此提出，今后相关的研究应该特别关注河流流域-近海环境变化和它们之间的内在关联，阐明控制近海营养盐浓度、形态、分布和结构的关键生物地球化学过程，量化近海氮与磷的滞留机制与效率，揭示浮游植物群落结构变化与营养盐结构失衡和磷消耗的耦合关系及其生态效应等，最终制定中国入海河流与近海氮磷协同控制的适应性管理措施。 |
| 关键词: 近海 生物地球化学过程 环境变化 关键过程 营养盐结构失衡 磷消耗 |
| DOI：10.11759/hykx20210901001 |
| 分类号:P734;P735 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（42176048，41930862，42149902） |
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| Stoichiometric imbalance in the rates of nutrient and phosphorus depletion in coastal China with implications for the ecological environment |
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RAN Xiang-bin1, WEI Qin-sheng1, YU Zhi-gang2
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1.Research Center for Marine Ecology and Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology of Ministry of Natural Resources, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China;2.Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, and Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
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| Abstract: |
| Recently, anthropogenic nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loadings in coastal seas have significantly increased, seriously impacting the environmental evolution of coastal areas, thereby gaining the widespread attention of scientists and local governments. In addition to the elevated abundances of N and P in the coastal zones, the stoichiometric imbalance of these nutrients could play an important role in stimulating environmental changes. However, the detailed influence of terrestrial N and P and their unbalanced nutrient ratios on marine ecosystems has been poorly documented. In this study, terrestrial nutrient inputs were analyzed from rivers, submarine freshwater and groundwater discharge, atmospheric deposition, water-sediment benthic flux, and water exchange to coastal seas. We reviewed the key biogeochemical processes controlling N and P transport and retention in the coastal areas, highlighted the unbalanced nutrient and P depletion, and explored the ecological influence of imbalanced N and P structures on the ecosystem. In the future, a multiapproach strategy is required to identify the contributions of different interfaces on the N and P concentrations, forms, and distributions. Additionally, a theoretical framework for reducing N and P loadings should be developed based on the land-sea coordination. Within this context, studying the response of terrestrial N and P in the coastal sea would improve the understanding of regional ecological patterns and provide a scientific foundation for marine ecological research and management. Addressing these scientific problems would offer a key basis for preventing and controlling environmental issues in coastal seas. |
| Key words: marginal seas biogeochemical process environmental change major process nutrient stoichiometric imbalance phosphorus depletion |
