| 引用本文: | 陈宵,肖志忠,肖永双,姬广磊,邓钦有,李旋,王雨福,马玉婷,李军,刘相全,连昌,连亚明,杨理忠.斑石鲷消化系统形态学与组织学观察[J].海洋科学,2022,46(7):70-77. |
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| 斑石鲷消化系统形态学与组织学观察 |
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陈宵1,2,3,4, 肖志忠1,5,6, 肖永双1,4, 姬广磊7, 邓钦有2,3, 李旋2,3, 王雨福1,4, 马玉婷1,4,7,8, 李军1,4, 刘相全2, 连昌9, 连亚明5, 杨理忠6
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1.中国科学院 海洋研究所/中国科学院 海洋大科学研究中心 山东省实验海洋生物学重点实验室, 山东 青岛 266071;2.山东省海洋资源与环境研究院 山东省海洋生态修复重点实验室, 山东 烟台 264006;3.上海海洋大学 水产与生命学院, 上海 201306;4.青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室 海洋生物学与生物技术功能实验室, 山东 青岛 266237;5.威海市好慧淦海洋生物科技有限公司, 山东 威海 264400;6.莆田市蒲盛水产科技有限公司, 福建 莆田 351174;7.威海市海洋发展研究院, 山东 威海 264200;8.青岛农业大学 海洋科学与工程学院, 山东 青岛 266109;9.威海市文登区海和水产育苗有限公司, 山东 威海 264400
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| 摘要: |
| 为探明斑石鲷(Oplegnathus punctatus)消化系统的形态特征和组织学结构,助力斑石鲷的人工繁育及养殖技术研发,作者采用形态解剖学和组织学切片技术对斑石鲷消化系统进行了实验研究。研究发现斑石鲷的消化道共由6部分组成,从头至尾依次是口咽腔、食道、胃、幽门盲囊、小肠、直肠。斑石鲷的口咽腔内部空间大,颌齿内部彼此连接、外部愈合,呈现典型的鹦鹉喙状,咽齿呈扁平的圆盾状,于上下颌齿内侧上下对称分布,这样复合结构(喙状颌齿与圆盾状咽齿)使得斑石鲷能够轻易地碾碎甲壳动物的外壳,进而完成摄食。斑石鲷的食道短粗,黏膜层密布具纵褶,内部含有丰富的杯状细胞,能够协助斑石鲷吞咽食物。胃部呈典型的不对称V型,黏膜层下分布着密集的胃腺,幽门部拥有整个消化道最厚实的肌肉层,摄取的食物将在这里完成消化和分解。斑石鲷的小肠分为前肠、中肠、后肠3部分,管径大小逐次递减,黏膜层上肠绒毛的密度和长度也遵同样的规律,从结构可以推断出斑石鲷肠道吸收功能主要集中于前中肠。直肠管径与小肠前肠段接近,长度很短仅为小肠的1/7,相比小肠部分,肠绒毛更加稀疏,绒毛长度也更短,主要承担消化残留物的压缩排泄和水分与微量元素的重吸收,相对简单结构对应着相对简单的功能。 |
| 关键词: 斑石鲷(Oplegnathus punctatus) 消化道 形态学 组织学 |
| DOI：10.11759/hykx20220106003 |
| 分类号:S961 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0901204);莆田市科技计划-STS计划配套院市合作项目(2019HJSTS010);山东省农业良种工程(2017LZGC009) |
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| Morphological and histological observations of the Oplegnathus punctatus digestive tract |
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CHEN Xiao1,2,3,4, XIAO Zhi-zhong1,5,6, XIAO Yong-shuang1,4, JI Guang-lei7, DENG Qin-you2,3, LI Xuan2,3, WANG Yu-fu1,4, MA Yu-ting1,4,7,8, LI Jun1,4, LIU Xiang-quan2, LIAN Chang9, LIAN Ya-ming5, YANG Li-zhong6
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1.CAS/Shandong Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology/Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;2.Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration for Marine Ecology, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006, China;3.College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;4.Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao 266237, China;5.Weihai Haohuigan Marine Biotechnology Co., Weihai 264400, China;6.Putian Pusheng Aquatic Science and Technology Co., Putian 351174, China;7.Institute of Ocean Development of Weihai, Weihai 264200, China;8.College of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China;9.Weihai Wendeng Haihe Aquatic Nursery Co., Weihai 264400, China
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| Abstract: |
| The objectives of this study were to examine the morphological and histological characteristics of the Oplegnathus punctatus digestive system and provide basic data for the artificial culture of O. punctatus. We conducted relevant studies on the O. punctatus digestive system using anatomy and paraffin sections. The digestive tract was composed of six parts, including the oropharyngeal cavity, the esophagus, the stomach, the pyloric cecum, the small intestine, and the rectum. O. punctatus had a large space inside the oropharyngeal cavity, and its jaw teeth were connected and fused, similar to a parrot's beak. Pharyngeal teeth are like flat round shields distributed inside the jaw teeth. This structure allows O. punctatus to crush a crustacean shell and eat the meat inside. The esophagus is short and thick, and there are many longitudinal folds on the mucosal layer and several goblet cells in the mucosa. These folds help O. punctatus swallow food smoothly. The stomach is asymmetrical and V-shaped with dense gastric glands under the mucosal layer, and the pylorus has the thickest muscle layer in the entire digestive tract. This is where most of the food O. punctatus swallows is digested and metabolized. The small intestine is divided into three parts:the foregut, the midgut, and the hindgut. Their pipe diameter decreases in turn. The density and length of the intestinal villi in the mucosal layer follow the same rule. The nutrient absorption function of O. punctatus is mainly concentrated in the foregut and midgut based on the intestinal structure. The rectum is similar in diameter to the anterior segment of the small intestine but is only one-seventh of the length. The intestinal villi in the rectum are shorter in length and less dense than those in the small intestine. The rectum is responsible for reabsorbing water and trace elements from the food residue, and the residue is compressed and excreted. The apparent simplicity of its structure corresponds to a simple function. |
| Key words: Oplegnathus punctatus digestive tract morphology histologic |
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