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| 斑石鲷消化系统形态学与组织学观察 |
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陈宵,肖志忠,肖永双,姬广磊,邓钦有,李璇,王雨福,马玉婷,李军,刘相全,连昌,连亚明,杨理忠
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1.上海海洋大学;2.中国科学院海洋研究所/中国科学院海洋大科学研究中心 中国科学院/山东省实验海洋生物学重点实验室;3.威海市海洋发展研究院;4.山东省海洋资源与环境研究院;5.威海文登海和水产育苗有限公司;6.威海市好慧淦海洋生物科技有限公司;7.莆田市蒲盛水产科技有限公司
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| 摘要: |
| 为探明斑石鲷（Oplegnathus punctatus）消化系统的形态特征和组织学结构，助力斑石鲷的人工繁育及养殖技术研发，我们采用形态解剖学和组织学切片技术对斑石鲷消化系统进行了实验研究。研究发现斑石鲷的消化道共由6部分组成，从头至尾依次是口咽腔、食道、胃、幽门盲囊、小肠、直肠。斑石鲷的口咽腔内部空间大，颌齿内部彼此连接、外部愈合，呈现典型的鹦鹉喙状，咽齿呈扁平的圆盾状，于上下颌齿内侧上下对称分布，这样复合结构（喙状颌齿与圆盾状咽齿）使得斑石鲷能够轻易的碾碎甲壳动物的外壳，进而完成摄食。斑石鲷的食道短粗，粘膜层密布具纵褶，内部含有丰富的杯状细胞，能够协助斑石鲷吞咽食物。胃部呈典型的不对称V型，粘膜层下分布着密集的胃腺，幽门部拥有整个消化道最厚实的肌肉层，摄取的食物将在这里完成消化和分解。斑石鲷的小肠分为前肠、中肠、后肠三部分，管径大小逐次递减，粘膜层上肠绒毛的密度和长度也遵同样的规律，从结构可以推断出斑石鲷肠道吸收功能主要集中于前中肠。直肠管径与小肠前肠段接近，长度很短仅为小肠的七分之一，相比小肠部分，肠绒毛更加稀疏，绒毛长度也更短，主要承担消化残留物的压缩排泄和水分与微量元素的重吸收，相对简单结构对应着相对简单的功能。 |
| 关键词: 斑石鲷 消化道 形态学 组织学 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:S961????? |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0901204)；莆田市科技计划-STS计划配套院市合作项目(项目编号:2019HJSTS010)；山东省农业良种工程(2017LZGC009) |
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| 1.College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306,China;2. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration for Marine Ecology, Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute, Yantai 264006,China; |
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chenxiao1, xiaozhizhong2, xiaoyongshuang2, jiguanglei3, dengqingyou4, lixuan4, wangyufu5, mayuting5, lijun5, liuxiangquan4, lianchang6, lianyaming7, yanglizhong8
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1.Shanghai Ocean University;2.CAS/Shandong Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology/Center For Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences,;3.Institute of Ocean Development of Weihai, Weihai 264200, China;4.Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute;5.CAS/Shandong Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology/Center For Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences;6.Weihai Wendeng Haihe Aquatic Nursery Co;7.Weihai Haohuigan Marine Biotechnology Co;8.Putian Pusheng Aquatic Science and Technology Co
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| Abstract: |
| To explore the morphological and histological structure characteristics of digestive system for Oplegnathus punctatus , and provide basic data for the artificial culture of O. punctatus. We conducted relevant studies on digestive system of O. punctatus by using anatomy and paraffin section technology. The digestive tract is composed of six parts, including oropharyngeal cavity, esophagus, stomach, pyloric caecum, small intestine and rectum. O. punctatus has a large space inside the oropharyngeal cavity, and its jaw teeth are connected and fused, like a parrot's beak. Pharyngeal teeth are like flat round shields, distributed inside the jaw teeth. This structure allows O. punctatus to crush the shell of the crustacean and eat the meat inside. The esophagus is short and thick, and there are a lot of longitudinal folds on the mucosa layer, and a lot of goblet cells in the mucosa. They help O. punctatus swallow food smoothly. The stomach is asymmetrically V-shaped with dense gastric glands under the mucosal layer and the pylorus has the thickest muscle layer of the entire digestive tract. This is where most of the food O. punctatus swallows will be digested and broken down. The small intestine can be divided into three parts: foregut, midgut and hindgut. Their pipe diameter decreases in turn. The density and length of intestinal villi in the mucosal layer follow the same rule.It can be inferred from the intestinal structure that the nutrient absorption function of O. punctatus is mainly concentrated in the foregut and midgut. The rectum is similar in diameter to the anterior segment of the small intestine, but is only one-seventh the length. The intestinal villi in the rectum are shorter in length and less dense than in the small intestine. The rectum is responsible for the re-absorption of water and trace elements from the residue of food digestion, and then the residue is compressed and excreted. The apparent simplicity of its structure corresponds to a simple function. |
| Key words: Oplegnathus punctatus digestive tract. Morphology histologic |