引用本文:	常茂祥,史经昊,叶思源,王祥东,李广雪.黄河三角洲浅层地下水位年内变化特征及影响因素[J].海洋科学,2021,45(10):20-31.

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黄河三角洲浅层地下水位年内变化特征及影响因素
常茂祥^1,2, 史经昊³, 叶思源⁴, 王祥东³, 李广雪^1,2
1.海底科学与探测技术教育部重点实验室(中国海洋大学), 山东青岛 266100;2.中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院, 山东青岛 266100;3.青岛蓝色地球大数据科技有限公司, 山东青岛 266400;4.自然资源部青岛海洋地质研究所, 山东青岛 266071

摘要:

基于黄河三角洲地区3个站位的1小时一次的浅层地下水位连续观测记录，将浅层地下水位与同时期ERA5高分辨率再分析实际蒸发量数据结合，并联合潮位、降水量和径流量等数据，通过快速傅里叶变换、时序分析等方法，分析并阐明了黄河三角洲地区浅层地下水位变化的特征及机制。结果表明：（1）不同的沉积环境导致了浅层地下水位整体变化的差异。表层沉积物渗透性相对较强区域，浅层地下水位波动剧烈；而表层沉积物透水性较差地区，浅层地下水位在6月中上旬存在低谷，但总体相对稳定；（2）潮汐对黄河三角洲浅层地下水位在水平方向的影响范围至少可达7 km，但不超过15 km。在其影响区域内，浅层地下水位波动滞后于潮汐的时间存在年内变化，分为2个时间上持续各6个月的区间，二者数值相差约12 h；（3）降水量与实际蒸发量是黄河三角洲浅层地下水位升降最主要的影响因素。此外，农业活动也对浅层地下水位的变化有一定影响。对黄河三角洲浅层地下水位变化规律研究，能够为本地区土地盐碱化、海水入侵灾害防治与生态保护提供科学依据。

关键词: 黄河三角洲浅层地下水位潮汐滞后性降水量实际蒸发量

DOI：10.11759/hykx20201110007

分类号:P736.5

基金项目:国家重点研发计划政府间重点专项项目（2017YFE0133500）；泰山学者建设工程专项

Dynamic characteristics and causes of shallow groundwater level intra-annual changes in the Yellow River Delta

CHANG Mao-xiang^1,2, SHI Jing-hao³, YE Si-yuan⁴, WANG Xiang-dong³, LI Guang-xue^1,2

1.Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques(Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China;2.College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China;3.Qingdao Blue Earth Big Data Technology Co., Ltd, Qingdao 266400, China;4.Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Qingdao 266071, China

Abstract:

In this work, the characteristics and mechanics of shallow groundwater level fluctuations from continuous monitoring records of three monitoring wells in the Yellow River Delta and the influence of tide, precipitation, and runoff are analyzed using hourly shallow groundwater level data and contemporarily high-resolution ERA5 reanalysis actual evaporation data, adopting methods including fast Fourier transform and time series analysis. Observations showed that (1) the type of sedimentary environment leads to the difference in general conditions of the groundwater level. Surface sediment with relatively good permeability displays shallow groundwater level fluctuation that is more violent and frequent; whereas, surface sediment with relatively weak permeability displays a shallow groundwater level that reaches a striking minimum in early June but displays a stable condition in general. (2) Horizontal scope of the tidal influence on the shallow groundwater level in the Yellow River Delta could reach 7 km but not exceed 15 km. Within that scope, the time lag between the shallow groundwater level fluctuation and tide in 2009 is not constant-it can be divided into two 6-month intervals with a 12 h difference in between. (3) Precipitation and actual evaporation are the fundamental factors that affect the rise and fall of shallow groundwater in the Yellow River Delta. Agricultural activities also have a certain effect on the shallow groundwater level. Research on shallow groundwater level dynamics could provide a scientific basis for ecological protection, prevention, and control of local land salinization and seawater intrusion.

Key words: the Yellow River Delta shallow groundwater level tide hysteresis precipitation actual evaporation