引用本文:	王秀良,张全斌,段德麟.经济海藻繁育、养殖及综合利用的回顾与展望[J].海洋科学,2020,44(7):10-15.

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经济海藻繁育、养殖及综合利用的回顾与展望
王秀良^1,2,3, 张全斌^1,2,3, 段德麟^1,2,3
1.中国科学院海洋研究所, 山东青岛 266071;2.中国科学院实验海洋生物学重点实验室, 山东青岛 266071;3.青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室实验海洋生物学与生物技术实验室, 山东青岛 266071

摘要:

经济海藻繁育、养殖及综合利用是海洋农牧业及工业的重要组成部分。20世纪经过几代人的努力，我国在海带、紫菜、裙带菜及龙须菜的繁育、养殖关键技术等方面成功取得突破，为这些海藻的产业化提供坚实的保障，为我国成为世界海藻大国奠定了基础。海藻养殖产业为人们提供了食品、藻胶及其它丰富的产品，这包括保健品、功能食品、化妆品及药物等。海藻养殖产业也对人类经济、社会的发展起到重要作用，通过吸收环境中的二氧化碳、氮和磷，为海洋生态环境的改善发挥了重要作用。本文对我国海藻繁育、养殖及综合开发的历程进行简要回顾，对当前我国、中国科学院海洋研究海藻研究与应用进行了总结，对海藻研究发展的未来进行了展望；适应海藻产业从量向质的方向转变，同时兼顾生态环境效益，为我国海藻研发及应用提供参考。

关键词: 海带紫菜龙须菜裙带菜繁育养殖综合利用

DOI：10.17759/hykx20200310002

分类号:P745

基金项目:国家自然科学基金（31772848）；科技部国际合作重点项目（2017YFE0130900）

Perspective on propagation, cultivation and utilization of economical seaweeds

WANG Xiu-liang^1,2,3, ZHANG Quan-bin^1,2,3, DUAN De-lin^1,2,3

1.Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;2.CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China;3.Marine Biology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, China

Abstract:

Seaweed cultivation and utilization constitute an important branch of marine agronomy and refinery industry. Due to the efforts of several generations in the last century, many prominent techniques were successfully implemented for the nursery cultivation of Saccharina, Pyropia, Gracilaria, Undaria, and Sargassum. These breakthroughs guaranteed the industrialization of these commercial seaweeds in China and provided a solid foundation for China to reach the top in the world's seaweed industry. The seaweed cultivation provides food, phycocolloids, nutraceuticals, functional foods, cosmeceuticals, pharmaceuticals etc., to humans. It also immensely benefits the socio-economic development. By absorbing large amounts of CO₂, N, and P from the environment, it plays an important role in improving the ecological environment, especially in terms of ocean health. The objective of this paper is to concisely review the research progress of seaweed cultivation and utilization in China, including their history, the key techniques that are implemented, and the contributions of Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Furthermore, the paper explores the prospective trends and future problems in the development of cultivation and utilization of the economical seaweeds.

Key words: Saccharina Pyropia Gracilaria Undaria breeding cultivation integrative utilization