| 摘要: |
| 生物多样性减少、生态系统功能退化、全球气候变化是全球性重大问题，在避免对当前生态环境再破坏的前提下，开展全面准确的生态监测来查清和明确生物多样性，对生态保护和可持续利用极其重要。环境DNA技术（eDNA）的发展提供了一种生态和生物多样性监测的新手段，是近年来的前沿热点技术之一。国际上已经将其广泛应用于生态监测中，而我国的相关研究成果，尤其是在海洋生态监测中的研究成果则相对缺乏。本文综述了eDNA技术的发展和国内外基于eDNA技术取得的相关成果，主要从eDNA技术与传统监测方法的互补性、基于eDNA技术监测物种生活史过程、基于eDNA技术推算物种丰度、基于eDNA技术研究生态系统结构变化等几个主要方面进行了介绍；阐释了eDNA技术应用的研究领域和方向；揭示了eDNA技术在生态监测中的适用性和重要性；指出了eDNA技术存在的一些问题。本综述对于生态保护与监测、资源的保护和可持续利用具有一定的参考价值。 |
| 关键词: 环境DNA 生态监测 生物多样性 资源保护 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(41976094和31872568); 中国科学院海洋大科学研究中心重点部署项目(COMS2019Q14）; 中国科学院国际合作项目(GJHZ1885) |
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| Application of Environmental DNA Technology in Ecological Conservation and Monitoring |
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Zhang Hui, Xian Weiwei
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Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
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| Abstract: |
| Biodiversity decline, Ecosystem function degradation, and global climate change are major global issues for us. It is important to carry out comprehensive and accurate ecological monitoring to identify and clarify biodiversity for ecological conservation and sustainable use on the premise of avoiding further damage to the current ecological environment. The development of environmental DNA technology (eDNA) provides a new method for ecological and biodiversity monitoring. eDNA is one of the hot topics in recent years and has been widely used in ecological monitoring internationally. However, the research based on eDNA in China, especially in marine ecological monitoring, are very lacking. The present review summarizes the development of eDNA technology and the achievements based on eDNA technology at home and abroad. Several major aspects are introduced, such as the complementarity between eDNA technology and traditional monitoring methods, monitoring species life history process based on eDNA technology, estimating species abundance based on eDNA technology, and studying the changes in the structure of the ecosystem based on eDNA technology. The research fields and directions of the application of eDNA technology are explained and the applicability and importance of eDNA technology in ecological monitoring are revealed as well. And also, some problems of eDNA technology are pointed out in the present review. This review has certain reference value for ecological conservation and monitoring, conservation and sustainable use resources. |
| Key words: Environmental DNA Ecological Monitoring Biodiversity Resources Conservation |