引用本文:	黄津伟,张天喆,高燕,吴弘,高雨,闫春财,胡利莎.基于种特异性PCR及线粒体基因标记的天津沿海牡蛎物种多样性研究[J].海洋科学,2019,43(12):89-96.

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基于种特异性PCR及线粒体基因标记的天津沿海牡蛎物种多样性研究
黄津伟¹, 张天喆², 高燕³, 吴弘¹, 高雨¹, 闫春财¹, 胡利莎⁴
1.天津师范大学生命科学学院天津市动植物抗性重点实验室, 天津 300387;2.天津市宝坻区第一中学, 天津 301800;3.天津渤海水产研究所, 天津 300221;4.中国科学院海洋研究所, 青岛 266071

摘要:

天津位于渤海湾西北部，海岸线长，牡蛎生物量大，但是关于天津海区牡蛎种类组成未见有详细报道。为了解此地区牡蛎物种多样性情况，本研究对天津沿海自南至北5个地点随机采集了约230个野生牡蛎，结合形态学和分子生物学手段，利用种特异性（Species-specific） PCR分子标记及COI基因序列详细地分析了牡蛎物种组成。种特异性PCR可以快速鉴定并确认牡蛎种类，结果表明天津沿海牡蛎优势种为北方常见种长牡蛎Crassostrea gigas gigas，另外一种不能通过种特异性PCR确定，但经形态鉴定及COI基因片段的Genbank Blast比对，确定其为猫爪牡蛎Crassostrea talonata。综合形态学和分子生物学手段，研究结果表明大神堂有长牡蛎和猫爪牡蛎两种牡蛎，其余4个地点的牡蛎均为长牡蛎。总体来看，天津沿海牡蛎物种多样性较低，这与北方沿海潮间带牡蛎生长的生态环境如水温、盐度等有关。本研究采集的牡蛎个体普遍偏瘦小，可能与沿海频繁的人为采捕有关，此结果为我国天津沿海牡蛎的种类、分布及其他相关研究提供了参考，为野生牡蛎的合理保护提供了依据。

关键词: 天津牡蛎种特异性分子标记 COI 分布

DOI：10.11759/hykx20190723001

分类号:Q959.215

基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目，41776179号；天津市自然科学基金，18JCYBJC96100号；天津市科学技术普及项目，19KPHDRC00110号；天津师范大学基金，135305JF79，043135205-GC54，043135202-XK1706号；大学生创新创业训练计划项目，201910065065号

Diversity of oyster species along coastal Tianjin based on Species-specific PCR and Mitochondrial genetic markers

HUANG Jin-wei¹, ZHANG Tian-zhe², GAO Yan³, WU Hong¹, GAO Yu¹, YAN Chun-cai¹, HU Li-sha⁴

1.College of Life Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China;2.No.1 Middle School of Tianjin Baodi District, Tianjin 301800, China;3.Tianjin Bohai Fishery Research Institute, Tianjin 300221, China;4.Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China

Abstract:

Tianjin is located in northwest of Bohai bay with long coastline and the large oysters biomass, but there is no detailed report on the composition of oyster species in Tianjin coastal area. To understand the diversity of oyster species in Tianjin coastal area, a total of 230 wild oysters were collected randomly, species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and COI (cytochrome oxidase gene subunitⅠ) gene sequences were used to recognize the collected oysters. Species-specific PCR could identify and confirm oyster species quickly. The results showed that Crassostrea gigas gigas was the dominant species in Tianjin coastal water. Another species which could not be confirmed by Species-specific PCR is identified as Crassostrea talonata by morphology and Blasting COI sequences in Genbank. Combining morphology and molecular biology, the analysis showed that two oysters Crassostrea gigas gigas and Crassostrea talonata were distributed in Dashentang, and only C. gigas gigas was distributed in other four sites. Overall, species diversity of oyster in Tianjin coastal area was very low, which may be related to the ecological environment of oyster growth, such as water temperature and salinity in the northern coastal intertidal zone. The oysters collected in our research were generally thin, which may be related to frequent artificial fishing. Results of our research provide a reference for the species diversity and distribution of oysters in Tianjin coastal water, for other related research, and a basis for conservation of the indigenous wild oysters.

Key words: Tianjin oyster Species-specific molecular markers COI distribution