引用本文:	王金叶,张安国,李晓东,毛玉泽.蛤蜊岗滩涂贝类分布及其与环境因子的关系[J].海洋科学,2016,40(4):32-39.

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蛤蜊岗滩涂贝类分布及其与环境因子的关系
王金叶¹, 张安国², 李晓东³, 毛玉泽^4,5
1.青岛农业大学海洋科学与工程学院;2.大连海洋大学水产与生命学院;3.盘锦光合水产有限公司;4.中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所;5.青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室

摘要:

为探明辽东湾蛤蜊岗潮间带滩涂贝类的物种组成、分布密度和生物量的变化状况, 于2011年5月对蛤蜊岗滩涂贝类资源进行了现场调查, 采集共获得滩涂贝类16种, 其中文蛤、泥螺、四角蛤蜊、托氏琩螺为蛤蜊岗滩涂贝类优势种, 青蛤和光滑河蓝蛤为常见种。托氏琩螺的分布密度最高, 为83个/m²,四角蛤蜊的平均生物量最大, 为178.51g/m²。蛤蜊岗滩涂贝类的分布呈现从滩涂北部向南部逐渐减少的趋势, 滩涂四周的分布密度大于滩涂中间区域。对滩涂贝类分布密度和生物量与底质粒度、有机物含量等环境因子进行相关分析的结果显示: 文蛤分布与底质中值粒径呈极显著的负相关性; 托氏琩螺分布与底质中有机质含量呈显著的正相关性, 而泥螺、四角蛤蜊则与环境因子的关系不显著。调查结果表明, 蛤蜊岗滩涂贝类资源丰富, 但应加强文蛤自然资源的保护和恢复, 同时应加强对托氏琩螺资源的合理开发利用。

关键词: 蛤蜊岗潮间带滩涂贝类沉积环境因子

DOI：10.11759/hykx20151021002

分类号:

基金项目:国家自然科学基金委员会-山东省人民政府联合资助海洋科学研究中心项目(U1406403); 海洋公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201305043, 201205031); 国家海洋局近岸海域生态环境重点实验室开放基金项目(201311); 山东省海洋生态环境与防灾减灾重点实验室开放基金项目(201408)

Spatial distribution of buried molluscs and their relationship with sediment factors in Geligang

WANG Jin-ye,ZHANG An-guo,LI Xiao-dong,MAO Yu-ze

Abstract:

The mollusc community of the Geligang intertidal zone in Liaodong Bay was investigated in the spring of 2013 to identify the components, abundance, and biomass of mollusc species. A total of 16 mollusc species were identified; Bullacta exarata, Meretrix meretrix, Mactra veneriformis, and Umbonium thomasi were the dominant species and Cyclina sinensis and Potamocorbula laevis were common species in the Geligang intertidal flat. U. thomasi and M. veneriformis showed the highest density distribution (83 ind/m²) and biomass (178.51 g/m²), respectively. The density distribution of molluscs gradually decreased from the northern part of the intertidal flat to the southern zones, and it was higher in the round intertidal zone than in the central zone of the Geligang flat. Based on the number of species and environmental factors according to Person correlation analysis, the median grain size and organic matter of the sediment had a great effect on the distribution of M. meretrix and U. thomasi. Our results showed that the Geligang intertidal flat is an important shellfish fishery, and the high abundance and biomass of U. thomasi can be exploited for future uses. In addition, measures should be taken to protect and restore the population of the clam M. meretrix.

Key words: Geligang intertidal flat mollusc environmental factor