| 引用本文: | 龚玉艳,张才学,陈作志,叶丽娣,陈伟杰,王伟荣,孙省利.湛江湾浮游动物群落结构特征及其周年变化[J].海洋科学,2015,39(12):46-55. |
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| 湛江湾浮游动物群落结构特征及其周年变化 |
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龚玉艳1,2, 张才学2, 陈作志1, 叶丽娣2, 陈伟杰2, 王伟荣2, 孙省利2
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1.中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所, 农业部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室;2.广东海洋大学海洋资源与环境监测中心
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| 摘要: |
| 2010 年10 月至2011 年9 月对湛江湾浮游动物进行了周年调查, 研究了其群落结构的周年变化及影响因素。结果共检出浮游动物87 种和29 类浮游幼虫, 隶属于16 大类群, 群落结构主要由桡足类(30 种)、浮游幼虫(29 类)和原生动物(23 种)所组成, 分别占总种类数的25.86%、25.00%和19.83%。浮游动物种类数以4 月最多, 2 月和3 月最少, 4～9 月的总种类数均高于其他月份。湛江湾浮游幼虫以底栖动物幼虫为主, 在4 月种类最多, 5 月丰度最高, 4～7 月为湛江湾海洋动物的繁盛时期。浮游动物优势种共有22 种(类), 其中浮游幼虫9 类, 原生动物7 种, 桡足类3 种, 水母类、毛颚类、被囊类各1 种, 以12 月、4 月和5 月优势种最多(8 种), 2 月最少(2 种), 无全年优势种, 群落结构明显趋于小型化。各相邻月份的共有种类数在18～33 种, 物种更替率R 的范围为37.25%～73.61%, 多样性指数H'、均匀度J及丰富度d的年均值较低, 分别为2.64、0.54 和3.32。在调查期间, 湛江湾浮游动物丰度出现了3 个高峰, 且分别由不同的浮游动物类群组成, 其中12 月份的高峰主要由原生动物组成, 2 月份的高峰主要由桡足类组成, 而5 月份的高峰则主要由浮游幼虫组成, 3 大类群共同主导湛江湾浮游动物群落结构;浮游动物生物量仅在2 月和9 月出现高峰, 呈现月份双峰型变化。湛江湾浮游动物的周年变化主要受水温、食物及摄食压力的影响。 |
| 关键词: 浮游动物 群落结构 桡足类 原生动物 浮游幼虫 湛江湾 |
| DOI：10.11759/hykx20141027001 |
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| 基金项目:国家海洋公益性行业科研专项(200905005-05, 201105008-E);公益性行业( 农业) 科研专项(201403008) 和农业部财政重大专项(NFZX2013) |
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| Structural characteristics of zooplankton populations and their annual changes in Zhanjiang Bay |
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| Abstract: |
| Zooplankton populationsin Zhanjiang Bay were surveyed from October 2010 to September 2011 to investigate theirannual population changes and the influencing factors. A total of 87 species of zooplanktons and 29 varieties of planktonic larvae, belonging to 16 large groups, were detected. The population structures primarily consisted of copepods (30 species), pelagic larvae (29 groups, including fish larvae), and protozoa (23 species), which accounted for 25.86%, 25.00%, and 19.83% of the total population, respectively. The number of zooplankton species was highest in April and lowest in February and March. Zooplankton species richness during April–September washigher than that in other months. Planktonic larva population primarily consisted of zoobenthos. The species richnesswashighest in April, and the highest abundance was observed in May. April–July was the flourishing period for marine animals in Zhanjiang Bay. A total of 22 predominant zooplankton species, consisting of 9 species of larvae, 7 species of Protozoa, 3 species of Copepoda, and 1 species of Medusa, Chaetognatha, and-Tunicata, were identified. The numbers of predominant species were highest in December, April, and May (8 species) and lowest in February (2 species). There were no full-year predominant species. The population structures obviously exhibited a tendency toward miniaturization. There were 18–33 species during various contiguous months. The species replacement rates (R) were in the range of 37.25%–73.61%. The annual mean values of Shannon–Wiener index H', Pielou index J, and Margalef index d were, 2.64, 0.54, and 3.32, respectively, all of which were relatively low. During the surveyed period, three peaks of zooplankton abundances occurred, each of which consisted of different groups of zooplanktons. Among these abundance peaks, the peak that occurred in December primarily consisted of Protozoa, the peak that occurred in February primarily consisted of Copepoda, and the abundance peak that occurred in May primarily consisted of larvae. These three groups of species together dominated the zooplankton population structures in ZhanjiangBay. Thezooplankton biomass in February and September was much higher than thatin other months, resulting in twopeaks in the annual changes of zooplankton biomass. The annual changes of zooplankton populations in Zhanjiang Bay were influenced by water temperature, food structure, and feeding pressure. |
| Key words: zooplankton community structure annual change copepoda protozoa pelagic larva ZhanjiangBay |
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