| 摘要: |
| 江苏宜兴骆驼墩、西溪遗址化石丰富,除软体动物外,还有植物、孢粉、昆虫、脊椎动物等。作者研究的软体动物化石,计有8属17种,其中有一新种:Corbicula yixingensis Huang et Cai sp. nov.,隶属于双壳类(Bivalvia)的珠蚌科(Unionidae)、蚬科(Corbiculidae)及腹足类(Gastropoda)的田螺科(Viviparidae)。可分成3个组合类群,一是Unio-Cuneopsis类群,本类群属种个体数量虽然少,但地质历程长,从第三纪晚期中新世至第四纪全新世均有,代表古老的类群。如:Cuneopsis spocki Leroy最早发现于内蒙古锡林郭勒盟二连第三纪晚期中新世通古尔期;Unio tschiliensis Sherany曾发现于河北张家口岔道口更新世早期,上述二种均未见现生种。二是Arconaia-Lamprotula类群。这个类群从第四纪早期至现代河、湖、池塘、水库中均有分布。其中Arconaia-laneceolata (Lea)见于江苏沭阳钱集西南更新世早期。Lamprotula(Sinolamprotula) leai (Gray)见于河南三门峡更新世早期。三是Corbicula-Bellamya类群。该类群时代长,分布广,适应性强,属种个体数量极多,其中Corbicula largillierti Heude从第三纪晚期至现代均有。化石种曾发现于内蒙古乌兰察布盟四子王旗第三纪晚期;山西垣曲,陕西大荔更新世早期;但在江苏金坛、江阴、宜兴的全新世时大量发育、繁衍、繁盛。以致现代长江流域太湖、洞庭湖、鄱阳湖及其相通的河流中也有,为中国广泛分布的特有种,本种似乎起源于中国内蒙古,而后向西、向南迁移。Bellamya quadrata(Benson)见于广西桂林南郊全新世,也有现生种。 |
| 关键词: 宜兴 全新世 软体动物 组合特征 古环境 |
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| Holocene molluscs in Luotuodun and Xixi of Yixing City, Jiangsu Province |
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| Abstract: |
| There are abundant fossil specimens in Luotuodun and Xixi historical sites of Yixing City, Jiangsu Province. Except for molluscs, plants, spores and pollens, insects and vertebrates are also found there. Totally 8 genera and 17 species of molluscs from these two sites are presently studied, including one new species Corbicula yixingensis Huang et Cai sp. nov. It can be divided into three assemblages from Unionidae and Corbiculidae of Bivalvia, and Viviparidae of Gastropoda. a) Unio-Cuneopsis Assemblage. The elements of this old assemblge extend from Miocene to Holocene, although there is few specimens of them. For example, Cuneopsis spocki Leroy was first found from Tortonian of Miocene in Erlian of Xilinguole County, Inner Mongolia; Unio tschiliensis Sherany was found from Early Pliocene strata in Chadaokou of Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province. These two species do not extend to present time. b) Arconaia–Lamprotula Assemblage. The present assemblge distributes in rivers, lakes, ponds and reservoirs from Early Quaternary to present time. Arconaia laneceolata (Lea) was found from Lower Pliocene in southwest Qianji of Suyang County, Jiangsu Province. Lamprotula (Sinolamprotula) leai (Gray) was found from Lower Pliocene in Sanmenxia City, Henan Province. c) Corbicula–Bellamya Assemblage. There are numerous specimens of species in the present assemblage which extends long in geological time, distributes widely, and adapts strongly with environmental changes. Corbicula largillierti Heude was found from Late Neogene to present time. For example, it was found from Lower Pliocene in Yuanqu of Shanxi Province and Dali of Shanxi Province, but blooms in Holocene in Jintan, Jiangyin and Yixing of Jiangsu Province. Possibly origined from Inner Mongolia of China, then transferred westward and southward, Corbicula largillierti Heude is a typical species broadly distributed in Tai Lake, Dongting Lake, Boyang Lake and communicated rivers of the Changjiang valley in present time. Bellanmya quadrata (Benson) were found from Holocene to present time in suburb of Guilin City, Guangxi Province. |
| Key words: Yixing, Holocene, molluscs, characteristics of assemblages, Palaeoeviroment |
