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| 不同气候年间西北印度洋鸢乌贼角质颚微结构及生长特性差异 |
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陆化杰1,2,3,4, 何静茹1, 陈静1, 崔红5, 欧玉哲1, 赵懋林1, 陈新军1,2,3,4
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1.上海海洋大学海洋科学学院 上海 201306;2.自然资源部海洋生态监测与修复技术重点实验室 上海 201306;3.国家远洋渔业工程技术研究中心 上海海洋大学 上海 201306;4.农业农村部大洋渔业资源环境科学观测实验站 上海海洋大学 上海 201306;5.潍坊市畜牧业发展中心 山东潍坊 261041
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| 摘要: |
| 为研究不同气候年间西北印度洋鸢乌贼角质颚的生长变化特性，根据2019年（厄尔尼诺）和2020年（正常）相同月份（2~5月）中国灯光罩网渔船于西北印度洋采集的1 896尾鸢乌贼样本，通过角质颚研磨，对不同气候年间角质颚的微结构及其生长特性进行了对比研究。结果表明，西北印度洋鸢乌贼角质颚微结构包括头盖和脊突两部分，日龄生长纹以明暗交替的方式呈周期性生长，2019年角质颚生长纹间隔及宽度都较小，色素沉积更浅，纹路异常现象较多。协方差分析表明，不同气候年间角质颚外形特征参数与日龄的关系均存在性别间显著性差异。2019年雌性个体所有外形特征参数与日龄的关系均最适用指数函数表示，但2020年雌性个体所有外形特征参数与日龄的关系均最适用对数函数表示；2019年雄性个体除下脊突长LCL （lower crest length）与日龄的关系最适用指数函数表示外，其余特征参数与日龄的关系均最适用幂函数表示，2020年雄性个体所有外形特征参数与日龄的关系均最适用线性函数表示。除2020年雄性个体6项特征参数的绝对生长率AGR （absolute growth rate）和瞬时相对生长率IRGR （instantaneous relative growth rate）随日龄增加呈先下降后上升的“U”型趋势外，其余的AGR和IGRG均随日龄增加呈明显的倒“U”型趋势。不同气候年间生长率达到峰值时的日龄区间不同，2020年各特征参数AGR均高于2019年。研究结果揭示不同气候年间西北印度洋角质颚微结构存在差异，角质颚外形特征参数的生长方程和生长率在不同气候年间也存在差异性。 |
| 关键词: 鸢乌贼 角质颚 微结构 个体生长 西北印度洋 |
| DOI：10.11693/hyhz20220700185 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目，2019YFD090402号；国家自然科学青年基金项目，NSFC4150618号。 |
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| DIFFERENCES IN BEAK MICROSTRUCTURE AND GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF STHENOTEUTHIS OUALANIENSIS IN THE NORTHWEST INDIAN OCEAN BETWEEN DIFFERENT YEARS |
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LU Hua-Jie1,2,3,4, HE Jing-Ru1, CHEN Jing1, CUI Hong5, OU Yu-Zhe1, ZHAO Mao-Lin1, CHEN Xin-Jun1,2,3,4
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1.College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;2.Key Laboratory of Marine Ecological Monitoring and Restoration Technologies, MNRs, Shanghai 201306, China;3.National Distant-water Fisheries Engineering Research Center, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;4.Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Oceanic Fishery Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201306, China;5.Weifang Animal Husbandry Development Center, Weifang 261041, China
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| Abstract: |
| To understand the growth characteristics of beak of Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis in the northwest India Ocean in different climatic years, the microstructure and growth of the beak were studied based on 1896 S. oualaniensis samples collected by Chinese light falling-net fishery during the same months (February~May) in different climatic years 2019 (El-Niño year) and 2020 (normal year) in the northwest Indian Ocean. Result indicated that the microstructure of the upper beak could be divided into hood region and crest region. The daily growth increments increased in dark-bright alternation. Compared to those in 2020, in 2019, the El-Niño year, each growth stripe was narrower, more lightly pigmented, with more rounded, unnotched, and less worn rostral tips, and more abnormal stripe changes in beak microstructure. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed that the relationships between the characteristic parameters of beak and age differed significantly between the sexes in the different climatic years. The relationships between all morphologic parameters and the age for the females of 2019 could be best described by exponential functions but by logarithm functions for those of 2020. The relationships between all morphologic parameters and the age were best described by power functions, except that logarithm function for lower crest length (LCL) for the males of 2019, but by linear functions for the males of 2020. Except for six characteristic parameters of male individuals in 2020 whose absolute growth rate (AGR) and instantaneous relative growth rate (IRGR) decreased first and then increased with the increase of age, showing a U-shaped trend, those of the other characteristic parameters showed an obvious reverse U-shaped trend with the increase of age. The AGRs of characteristic parameters were generally greater in 2020, while the IGRGs of them were greater in 2019. Smaller individuals had relatively small food requirements in 2019, thus the rostrum of the upper beak RSS was rounded with less nicked and worn. In addition, there were more markings were shown in 2019 samples, reflecting events in the life history of S. oualaniensis or changes in the external environment, as in the El Niño year, hydrological conditions fluctuated more frequently than in the normal year of 2020. The growth rates between the two years were different, and those of hood and crest were greater than those of the lateral wall and the wing. The crest grew fastest while the wing did slowest. Moreover, the growth rate of the upper beak was greater than the lower beak. The reasons for the differences in the growth of different beak division could be resulted from the changes in muscle structure and function, and in diet and environmental conditions. This study revealed that the microstructure, the growth pattern, and growth rate of the beak of S. oualaniensis in the northwest Indian Ocean differed between different climatic years. |
| Key words: Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis beak microstructure individual growth the northwest Indian Ocean |