| 摘要: |
| 利用来自英国气象局哈德莱中心(Met Office Hadley Centre)的海表面温度(Sea Surface Temperature, SST)资料, 对全球海域近140余年来SST的长期变化进行分析。研究发现:(1)1870—2011年期间, 全球大部分海域的SST表现出显著的逐年线性递增趋势, 在两极大部分海域、格陵兰南部海域呈显著的递减趋势, 仅在部分小范围海域及一些零星海域的SST无显著变化。近海的递增趋势强于大洋, 大洋西岸的递增趋势强于大洋东岸。(2)近140余年来, 整体上全球的SST以0.0038℃/a的速度显著增加, 其中1870—1910年表现出较为显著的递减趋势, 1910年至今表现出较强的递增趋势。(3)1870—1910年期间, 全球大范围海域的SST无显著变化; 呈显著递减的海域主要分布于东海、阿拉斯加半岛南部海域、北大西洋30°N附近海域、冰岛南部海域、南印度洋西风带海域、新西兰附近海域; 呈显著递增的区域较为分散。1910—2011年期间, 全球大范围海域的SST逐年显著递增, 在两极大部分海域呈显著的递减趋势。(4)1870—1960年期间, 两极的SST走势较为平缓; 1960—2011年期间, 南极尤其是威德尔海的SST表现出显著的递减趋势, 其中逐8月的递减趋势尤为强劲; 北极逐2月、逐5月的SST呈显著性递减, 逐8月呈显著性递增且趋势较为强劲, 达到0.0402℃/a, 逐11月的SST无显著变化。 |
| 关键词: 全球海域 海表温度 变化趋势 区域性差异 季节性差异 威德尔海 |
| DOI：10.11693/hyhz201305001001 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金, 41106014号; 公益行业(气象)科研专项, GYHY201306026号; 国家重点基础研究发展规划项目, 2012CB 957803号; 中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目, KZCX2-YW-Q11-03号。 |
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| Long Term Trend of Global Sea Surface Temperature From 1870 to 2011 |
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ZHENG Chong-Wei1, ZHOU Lin2, SONG Shuai3, PAN Jing4
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1.College of Meteorology and Oceanography, PLA Univ. of Sci. & Tech Meteorological Unit;2.College of Meteorology and Oceanography, PLA Univ. of Sci. & Tech;3.Meteorological & Hydrological Bureau of General Staff;4.LASG, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Science
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| Abstract: |
| We analyzed 1°×1° sea surface temperature (SST) data of 1870—2011 from the Met Office Hadley Centre of United Kingdom, to understand the long term trend of the SST variation in global oceans over the last 140 years. Results show that (1) except for the Arctic, Antarctica, and southern waters of Greenland, SST in most of global ocean increased significantly, of which SST in nearshore was greater than that in the ocean, greater in west coasts than that in east coasts; (2) over the last 140 years, SST in global ocean as a whole increased significantly at about 0.0038℃/a. However, SST in global ocean decreased obviously from 1870 to 1910, while increased significantly from 1910 to the present; (3) from 1870 to 1910, SST in most of the global oceans remained stable. Significant increase in SST was found mainly in the East China Sea, southern waters of Alaska peninsula, 30°N waters in the Atlantic, southern area of Iceland, westerlies of the south Indian Ocean, and New Zealand waters. From 1910 to 2011, SST in most of global ocean presented a significant increasing trend except for the waters in Arctic and Antarctica; (4) from 1870 to 1960, SST in Arctic and Antarctica increased smoothly. However, from 1960 to 2011, SST in Antarctica decreased remarkably, especially in Weddell Sea in August. In Arctic, on the other hand, SST obviously decreased in February and in May, but increased significantly in August, and remained stable in November. |
| Key words: global ocean sea surface temperature long term trend regional difference seasonal difference Weddell Sea |
