| 摘要: |
| 利用国家海洋局多年来的海洋环境监测数据，采用趋势变化图和Man-Kendall统计检验法分析渤海近岸和各重点海域海水、沉积物和贝类中石油污染的变化趋势，并初步分析石油污染的来源。结果显示：沉积物和贝类中石油类的含量和超标率多年来呈现明显的上升趋势，海水变化则不够明显。由于石油类不易滞留于水相中，却倾向与沉积物结合或者富集于生物体内，因此沉积物和生物稳定的指示了海洋环境中石油污染的变化情况。各重点海域Mann-Kendall趋势统计结果显示：辽东湾、渤海湾、黄河口、莱州湾和大连近岸沉积物中石油类均呈现显著上升或者上升的变化趋势。渤海石油输入来源分析表明，陆源排污尤其是河流仍然是海洋中石油类最直接和最主要的来源，当实现陆海统筹，实行总量控制。另外渔船排放石油类的量近年来增长较快，由于渔船属于线源排放，其污染面广，治理和清淤难度较大，因此也需要引起有关部门重视。 |
| 关键词: 石油污染，海水，沉积物，贝类，变化趋势，来源 |
| DOI：10.11693/hyhz20130106001 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家科技支撑计划：渤海水交换与环境容量评价技术研究;国家863计划项目（2007AA092104） |
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| Variation trend of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in sea water, sediments and shellfish collected from Bohai coastal waters and source analysis |
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liuliang
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National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center
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| Abstract: |
| With the marine environmental monitoring data from SOA, the trends diagram and Man-Kendall analysis were employed to identify the variation trend of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in the sea water, sediments and shellfish collected from Bohai coastal and other key marine areas. A preliminary source analysis was also carried out in order to detect the contaminants’ sources. The results showed that a significant increase of petroleum hydrocarbon content in sediments and shellfish and its over-standard rate was observed in time sequence over the past couple of years. However, it was not the case for the sea water because the petroleum hydrocarbon tends to accumulate in the sediments or the organisms and thus its concentration in sea water is unstable and instantaneous. As a result, the sediments and the organisms can steadily indicate the variation status of the petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in the marine environment. Man-Kendall analysis results revealed that the median concentration of petroleum hydrocarbon in the sediments of Liaodong Bay, Bohai Bay, Yellow river estuary, Laizhou Bay and Dalian coastal marine area presented dramatic or normal rising trends, while no obvious trends could be observed for the sea water. According to the source analysis, land-based pollutants discharged into the sea, particularly those from rivers, still constituted the most direct and main source for the petroleum hydrocarbon in the marine environment. A coordinated management between land and sea needs to be applied, and the total quantity discharged into the sea should be controlled as well. It should also be noted that discharges of petroleum hydrocarbon from all kinds of fishing boats had risen speedily in recent years. This type of contamination can be characterized as line-source pollution, which impacts on large marine areas and thus is difficult to treat. Therefore, petroleum hydrocarbon contamination from fishing boats now needs to be paid more attention by the relevant government departments. |
| Key words: petroleum hydrocarbon, sea water, sediment, shellfish, trend, source |
