| 摘要: |
| 采用室内模拟的方法，对盐度、饵料、底质和温度对硬壳蛤稚贝成活率和生长率的影响进行了研究。结果表明，硬壳蛤稚贝存活和生长的适宜盐度范围为18—42，最适盐度范围为24—36。从稚贝成活率看，几种单胞藻的饲育效果顺序为：等鞭金藻>美国扁藻>混合藻>亚心形扁藻>大溪等鞭金藻>三角褐指藻>小球藻>中肋骨条藻；但从稚贝日生长率看，几种单胞藻的饲育效果顺序为：混合藻>等鞭金藻=美国扁藻=亚心形扁藻>大溪等鞭金藻>三角褐指藻>小球藻>中肋骨条藻。硬壳蛤对底质环境有一定的选择性，稚贝在纯砂底质中的成活率和日生长率均高于在纯海泥底质中，但砂的粒径大小对稚贝成活率和日生长率没有明显影响。硬壳蛤稚贝具有很强的耐高温能力，在室内控温条件下,能够耐受30—35℃的高温，但在室外自然温度条件下，当温度为21.8—35.4℃(平均为30.1℃)时，稚贝成活率却很低，无砂情况下只有32%，有砂情况下为零。
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| 关键词: 硬壳蛤,盐度,饵料,底质,温度,成活率,日生长率 |
| DOI：10.11693/hyhz200302003003 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家“863”青年基金项目资助, 2001AA628040号、国家“863”项目, 2002AA603014的部分成果 |
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| EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON THE SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF JUVENILE HARD CLAM MERCENARIA MERCENARIA (LINNAEUS,1758) |
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ZHANG Tao, YANG Hong-Sheng, LIU Bao-Zhong, LI Bao-Quan, LIU Shi-Lin, WEN Hai-Xiang, HE Yi-Chao, ZHANG Fu-Sui
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Institute of Oceanology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences
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| Abstract: |
| Our data suggest that the salinity, diets, substrate, and temperature all affect the survival rate (SR) and growth rate (GR) of juvenile hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria. The salinity range suitable for juvenile survival and growth is 18—42, and the optimum range is 24—36. The SR and GR reduce significantly when the salinity is 12 and the juvenile are all dead in 6 salinity within 16h. The SR do not vary significantly between 18—48 salinity, but the GR reduce significantly when the salinity are above 42. According to the SR, the consequence of raised effectof different diets
is Isochrysis galbana > Teraselmis sp.> mixed diet > Platymonas subcordiformis > Isochrysis tahiti > Phaeodactylum tricornutum > Chlorella spp.> Skeletonema costatum, but according to the GR, the consequence is mixed diet> I. galbana = Teraselmis sp.= P. subcordiformis > I. tahiti > P. tricornutum > Chlorella spp.> S. costatum. The substrate also affect the SR and GR of juvenile hard clam. The SR and GR of juvenile in the predominantly sandy sediments are higher than that in the silt/clay sediments. But the diameters of sandy have no effect on the SR and GR. The juvenile hard clams have strong competence that stand high temperature. The SR are above 96% and the GR are between 2.53%—3.34% in the controlled high temperature of 30—35℃. But in the nature temperature, 21.8—35.4℃ (average 30.1℃), the SR is lowest, which is 32% without sandy sediments and zero with sandy sediments. These results maybe result from the over change of temperature or over fierce light.
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| Key words: Mercenaria mercenaria, Salinity, Diets, Substrate, Temperature, Survival rate, Growth rate |
