| 摘要: |
| 根据2个典型沼泽剖面的14C测年、孢粉分析、粘土矿物X衍射分析、泥炭植物残体鉴定获得的信息,综合对比分析和相互印证,探讨了全新世以来小兴安岭东部沼泽发育过程与古地理环境演变过程。小兴安岭东部全新世气候变化、植被演替和森林沼泽形成与发育均相应可划分为6个时期,气候变化为: 寒冷较湿(9000—8300aB.P.)→温和略湿(8300—6800aB.P.)→温暖湿润(6800—3050aB.P.)→温凉较湿(3050—2350aB.P.)→冷凉湿润(2350—0aB.P.)→温凉湿润(现代)；植被演替为: 针叶林→阔叶林或针阔混交林→以栎、榆、胡桃为主阔叶林→以桦为主阔叶林或以松为主的针阔混交林→以松为主的针阔混交林→针阔混交林和次生林；沼泽形成和发育为: 富营养沼泽孕育期→富营养沼泽萌发期→富营养沼泽旺盛、中营养沼泽孕育期→富营养沼泽扩大、中营养沼泽形成期→富营养和中营养沼泽继续扩大、贫营养沼泽形成期→沼泽退化期。最早形成始于(7095±90)aB.P.。贫营养、中营养和富营养沼泽最早发育时间分别为1600aB.P.、4000aB.P.和7095aB.P.。
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| 关键词: 森林沼泽形成和发育,古环境演变,全新世,小兴安岭东部 |
| DOI：10.11693/hyhz200301010010 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目,49771002号;中国科学院知识创新工程项目,KZCX2-302号 |
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| STUDY ON FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF FOREST SWAMP AND PALEOENVIRONMENT CHANGE SINCE THE HOLOCENE IN THE EAST PART OF THE XIAOXINGANLING MOUNTAINS |
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YANG Yong-Xing
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Center of Wetland and Environment Researches, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, The Chinese Academy of Science
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| Abstract: |
| The paper makes a research on formation, development of forest swamp and paleoenvironment change since the Holocene in the Xiaoxinganling mountains by means of 14C dating, X-ray diffraction of clay mineral, analyses of spore-pollen and plant residual. The paleoenvironment have been changed from coniferous forest to secondary forest and forest swamp landscape since the Early Holocene. The forest swamp came from forest paludification chiefly. The vegetation succession can be divided into 6 stages as follows, coniferous forest state at 9000—8300aB.P.; needle-broad-leaved mixed forest stage at 8300—6800 aB.P.; broad-leaved forest dominated by Querous Ulmus and Juglans at 6800—3050aB.P.; broad-leaved forest dominated by Betula and needle-broad-leaved mixed forest stage dominated by Pinus koraiensis at 3050—2350aB.P.; needle-broad leaved mixed forest dominated by Pinus at 2350—0aB.P. and needle-broad leaved mixed forest and secondary forest at the contemporary age. The close relationship was found between formation and development of forest swamp and paleoenvironment change in the six periods, i.e. the breeding development of eutrophic swamp inthe early and middle periods of the Early Holocene, the germinating development of eutrophic swamp in the early period of the Middle Holocene, the vigorous development of eutrophic swamp and breeding development of
mesotrophic swamp in the middle period of the Middle Holocene, the further expanding development and germinating development of mesotrophic swamp in the middle period of middle period of the Middle Holocene, the formation period of oligotrophic swamp in the Late Holocene and swamp degeneration period at the contemporary age. The oldest swamp developed in (7095±90)aB.P.. The oldest oligotrophic swamp, mesotrophic swamp and eutrophic swamp developed in 1600aB.P., 4000aB. P. and 7095aB. P. respectively. The swamp development passes from eutrophic, through mesotrophic, to oligotrphic swamp stages., which is made by the zonality law of swamp development. The paleoenvironment is still favorable to the formation and development of swamp in the Holocene.
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| Key words: Formation and development of forest swamp, Paleoenvironment change, Holocene, Eastern part of the Xiaoxinganling mountains |
