| 摘要: |
| 于1995－1997年在中国科学院海洋研究所培养20种海洋微藻，采用Bligh-Dyer法和气相色谱法进行脂肪酸组成的比较研究。结果表明，除个别藻外，海洋微藻的总脂含量均超过其干重的10％，每一纲藻种都有其特征脂肪酸或几种脂肪酸的组合作为其化学分类的标记：绿藻纲中除小球藻的20：5（n-3）含量较高以外，一般含有较高的16：4（n－3），不含22：6（n－3）；硅藻纲的16：1（n－7）含量高于16：O，且有高水平的14：0和20：5（n-3）；金藻纲具有高含量的140：18：1（n－9）、18：5（n－3）和22：6（n－3）；自养甲藻具有高含量的18：4（n-3）、18：5（n-3）和22：6（n－3）i甲藻纲富含18：5（n－3）；而红藻纲的16：0、20：4（n-6）和20：5（n-3）占优势，其中20：4（n－6）的含量明显较高。 |
| 关键词: 海洋微藻 化学分类学 脂肪酸 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目，39570084号;“九五”国家重点科技项目资助项目，96-916-04-03号 |
|
| COMPAPATIVE STUDIES ON FATTY ACID COMPOSTION OF MARINE MICROALGAE |
|
LI He-fang, ZHOU Han-qiu
|
|
Institute of Oceanology,the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao,266071
|
| Abstract: |
| Total lipid content and fatty acid composition of 20 species of marine microalgae belonging to Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Dinophyceaem, Rhodophyceae, cultured under comparable conditions were studied from 1995 to 1997. Lipids of marine microalgae were extracted by the method of Bligh and Dyer. Total lipid content was determined by gravimetry after lipid extract evaporation under reduced pressure. Methyl esters of fatty acid (FAME) were obtained using the method of Carreau and Dubacq and purified with layer chromatography of FAME, performed on a GC 5880A instrument supplied with an electronic integrator. The results suggest that the total lipid contents of the microalgae were more than 10% on dry weight excepting 3 species. Each class of microalgae is characterized by a specific fatty acid profile. The specific features of Chlorophyceae were high concentrations of 16:4(n－3) and none of the species contained 22:6(n－3) except Chlrella, which did not contain 16:4(n－3), but contained high concentrations of 20:5(n－3). The reliable marks of Bacillariophyceae were a preference of 16:1(n－7) over 16:0，and high levels of 14:0,20:5(n-3); The specific features of Chrysophyceae were 14:0, :18:1(n－9), 18:4(n－3) and 22:6(n－3). The main indicators of autotrophic Dinophyceae were the presence of the unusual 18:5(n-3) and the high content of 22:6(n－3).The Rhodophyceae exhibited a characteristic fatty acid profile dominated by 16:0, 20:4(n-6) and 20:5(n-3). A distinctive feature of this class was the high content of 20:4(n－6), which is a minor component in other classes. |
| Key words: Marine microalgae, Chemotaxonomy, Fatty acids |
