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| 淡水鱼类细菌性败血症菌苗浸浴免疫研究 |
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陈月英1,2, 钱冬1,2, 沈智华1,2, 沈锦玉1,2, 曹铮1,2, 尹文林1,2, 张念慈1,2
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1.浙江省淡水水产研究所 湖州;2.313001
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| 摘要: |
| 于1992年12月-1995年12月，采用嗜水气单胞菌TPS-30株制成全菌苗，对本所、绍兴、杭州等地渔场鲫、鲢、鳙等进行浸浴免疫试验和生产性防病试验．（1）网箱试验：将含菌5×109全菌苗按1：10，1：100，1：500稀释，对体重超过10g的健康鲫进行菌苗浓度与浸浴时间、增效剂、高渗剂、加强免疫、连续多批分别浸裕和增氧剂等6项免疫试验．经不同时间的RSP％及部分抗体测定结果表明，在1：10-1：500的浓度中分别浸浴1-60min后，45-188天的RSP达66.7％-100％；菌苗液中加入5×10-6增效剂和2％高渗剂可使RSP提高10％；首次免疫后间隔1-6个月再加强免疫，可使RSP提高及免疫有效期延长；将1：10菌苗连续浸浴鲫15批，其中前10批免疫鱼的RSP可达60％以上；增氧剂直接加入菌苗液中会降低RSP。部分免疫鱼的血清中有微弱的特异抗体．（2）生产性试验表明：7.7ha成鱼池和533ha湖泊的鱼种浸裕免疫后，池塘免疫鱼平均成活率提高15％，用药成本降低；湖泊死鱼数比上年同期减少55.8％。 |
| 关键词: 鱼细菌性败血症 全菌苗 浸浴免疫 预防 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:“八五”国家科技攻关项目，85－15－03－01号 |
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| STUDIES ON BATH IMMUNIZATION OF BACTERIN FOR FISH BACTERIAL SEPTICEIVIIA |
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CHEN Yue-ying,QIAN Dong,SHEN Zhi-hua,SHEN Jin-yu,CAO Zheng,YIN Wen-lin,ZHANG Nian-ci
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Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, 313001
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| Abstract: |
| Bath vaccination tests and field prevention trials of fish bacterial septicemia were carried out with crucian carp (Carassius auratus), silver carp (Hypothalmichtys moltrix) and bighead (Aristichzhys nobilis) in fish farms located in Huzhou, Shaoxing, Hangzhou from Dec. 1992 to Dec. 1995, using the formalin-inactived whole cell bacterin of Aeromonas hydrophila strain TPS-30, which was isolated from disease blunt-snout bream (Mygalobrama amblycephala). In the bath vaccination tests, crucian carp was bat.hed for 1, 5, 60 mins with bacterin diluted 10, 100 and 500 times, respectively, and relatively survival percent (RSP, %) were 66.7%-100% after the fish was cultured in cages from 45 to 188 days. The RSP was 10% higher in bacterin solution added with 5×106 enhancing agent and 2% high osmotic agent. The RSP increased and the period of immunity prolonged after about 45 days, when crucian carp was immunized at 1, 3, six months interval after the first immunization. Bacterin diluted 10 times was used for 15 batches of fish-bathing, the RSP of the first, forth, eighth, tenth batch of fishes was above 60%. The RSP decreased, when oxygen-enriching agent was used in the bacterin solution. The serum of fish bathed once or twice has a little specific antibody after 45 days. In field trials, the fingerlings, including crucian carp, silver carp, bighead etc were bathed with bacterin in fish ponds with an area of 6.6ha, Shaoxing, and in the West Lake with an area of 533ha, Hangzhou. The survival rate of adult fishes was increased by about 15%. The cost of drugs was decreased by 80%. The mortality of fish immunized in lake was 55.8% lower than that of the control group. |
| Key words: Fish bacterial septicemia, Whole cell bacterin, Bath immunization, Prevention |