引用本文:	甄毓,贺惠,傅亮,刘乾,毕乃双,杨作升.南海三沙永乐龙洞古菌群落结构与多样性特征.海洋与湖沼,2018,49(6):1259-1267.

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南海三沙永乐龙洞古菌群落结构与多样性特征
甄毓^1,2,3, 贺惠^1,2,4, 傅亮⁵, 刘乾^1,2,4, 毕乃双⁶, 杨作升⁶
1.海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室青岛 266100;2.青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室海洋生态与环境科学功能实验室青岛 266071;3.中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院青岛 266100;4.中国海洋大学海洋生命学院青岛 266003;5.三沙航迹珊瑚礁保护研究所三沙 573199;6.中国海洋大学海洋地球科学学院青岛 266100

摘要:

海洋蓝洞作为一种独特的海洋地貌单元，洞内的生物群落结构与生态系统特征一直是国内外同行学者关注的热点问题之一。南海三沙永乐龙洞是世界上最深的海洋蓝洞（300m），其独特的生态特征更为引入瞩目。本研究以古菌16S rRNA基因序列为目标，采用Illumina高通量测序技术对西沙永乐龙洞内水体与沉积物中的古菌群落结构进行了研究。结果表明，本研究所获得的古菌类群可归为4门、21纲、29目、42科、45属，广古菌和奇古菌是丰度最高的两种古菌。龙洞内表层水体中古菌群落多样性与洞外水体相差不大，但随深度增加，洞内古菌群落多样性显著降低，深水层古菌群落结构与浅水层差异显著。龙洞内沉积物中的古菌生存环境与水体差异巨大，为大量特殊物种提供了生存空间。侧壁沉积物中的古菌群落多样性随深度增加显著降低，而150m平台处古菌群落多样性则远高于侧壁沉积物。水温对龙洞内水体中的古菌群落结构具有显著影响（P<0.01）。研究结果显示永乐龙洞古菌群落有很高的多样性，其垂向分布与洞内环境多要素的变化密切相关。本研究对认识三沙永乐龙洞内的生态系统特征有显著意义。

关键词: 永乐龙洞古菌 16S rDNA 高通量测序

DOI：10.11693/hyhz20180100011

分类号:Q938.1

基金项目:三沙航迹珊瑚礁保护研究所航迹南海海洋科研发展项目，HJLD16-01号；中央高校基本科研业务费“西沙永乐龙洞生态环境调查”项目，201762038号。

附件

ARCHAEAL DIVERSITY AND COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN THE YONGLE BLUE HOLE, XISHA, SOUTH CHINA SEA

ZHEN Yu^1,2,3, HE Hui^1,2,4, FU Liang⁵, LIU Qian^1,2,4, BI Nai-Shuang⁶, YANG Zuo-Sheng⁶

1.Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266100, China;2.Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China;3.College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China;4.College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;5.Sansha Trackline Institute of Coral Reef Environment Protection, Sansha 573199, China;6.College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China

Abstract:

Marine blue holes as a unique geomorphic unit, their organism community structure and ecosystem characteristics are widely interested by the peer scholars. The Yongle Blue Hole in Xisha, South China Sea is the deepest one (300m) among the blue holes in the world. We studied the community structures of archaea in the water and sediments in the hole using 16S rRNA gene-based Illumina high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the archaea can be identified in 4 phyla, 21 classes, 29 orders, 42 families, and 45 genera. There were great differences in the living environment in the sediments and water. The hole provided a special ecological niche for the abundant archaea in the sediments. The community diversity of archaea on the sidewall of the hole decreased obviously with increase of the depth, whereas the archaeal diversity in the sediment on the 150m depth platform was much higher than those in the sidewall. The temperature affected the community structure of archaea significantly (P<0.01). This study provides valuable data for further understanding the ecosystem of the Yongle Blue Hole as well as other anchialines in the world.

Key words: the Yongle Blue Hole archaea 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing