| 引用本文: | 于海燕,李新正,李宝泉,王金宝,王洪法.胶州湾大型底栖甲壳动物数量动态变化.海洋与湖沼,2005,36(4):289-295. |
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| 胶州湾大型底栖甲壳动物数量动态变化 |
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于海燕1, 李新正1, 李宝泉1,2, 王金宝1, 王洪法1
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1.中国科学院海洋研究所 青岛266071;2.中国科学院研究生院 北京100039
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| 摘要: |
| 采用大型底栖生物调查研究方法，根据2000年2月—2002年11月共11个季度月在胶州湾10个站的综合调查资料，分析了胶州湾大型底栖甲壳动物的种类、生物量和栖息密度，并与1991年的调查结果进行了比较。结果表明，甲壳动物在胶州湾大型底栖生物中是仅次于多毛类的类群，本次调查共得到了大型底栖甲壳动物75种，其中端足类32种，占整个甲壳动物种数的42.1%;获得的甲壳动物平均栖息密度为39个/m2，平均生物量为2.4g/m2，均超过了1991年调查结果，这可能与近年来对胶州湾生物资源实施有效保护有关。胶州湾甲壳动物的数量分布与温度关系不明显，但盐度和初级生产力对其生物量和栖息密度影响较大。 |
| 关键词: 胶州湾 大型底栖甲壳动物 生物量 密度 环境因子 |
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| 基金项目:中国科学院知识创新项目资助,KZCX3SW214号;山东省优秀中青年基金资助,03BS111号 |
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| DISTRIBUTION OF MACROBENTHIC CRUSTACEAN IN JIAOZHOU BAY |
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YU Hai-Yan1, LI Xin-Zheng1, LI Bao-Quan1,2, WANG Jin-Bao1, WANG Hong-Fa1
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1.Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071;2.Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039
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| Abstract: |
| Crustacean is one of the common groups in Jiaozhou Bay. It plays a very important role in food- chains in the area for its huge biomass. Enormous researches on the ecology of Jiaozhou Bay have been done so far. Composition of species, distribution of biomass, density of macrobenthic crustacean in Jiaozhou Bay, Shandong Province of China (35°38′–36°18′N, 120°04′–120°23′E), were studied based on field investigation data collected from February, 2000 to November, 2002.
Ten stations were set up for observation and sampling. The sampling were performed in every season (spring-May, summer-August, autumn-November, winter-February) and collected by 0.1m2 grab. The samples were preserved in alcohol, then classified, counted, and weighed later.
In 11 investigations (once every 3 months), 257 species of macrobenthic animals were collected altogether, of which 75 species from 37 families were crustacean accounting for 29.2% of the total, secondary to that of polychaeta, 111 species. Among these crustacean, 32 species or 42.1% were amphipod, dominated by Raphidopus ciliatus, Ampelisca cyclops, Eriopisella sechellensis, Granditrella japonica, Natatolana japonensis, Paranthura japonica, Eriopisella propagatio. The average number of species in one sample was from 4 in Station 7 and 27 in Station 3.
The density of benthic crustacean varied greatly in different samples, the highest density of 190 ind/m2 was found in Station 4 in May 2000, which was due to abundant Eriopisella propagatio. By the way, in many stat ions, no crustacean was found. The overall highest density was 785 ind/m2 in Station 2, followed by 765 ind/m2 in Station 3.73 ind/m2was the least density in Station 7. The density measured in year 2000 investigation was much higher than that in 1991.
The overall largest biomass, 78.6g/m2, appeared in Station 3.36. 8g/m2 was the second in Stations 1 and 4, and 7g/m2 was the least in Station 7.
Having analyzed the data, it was found that the average density and biomass of crustacean in the investigation in 2000 was 39 ind/m2 and 2.4g/m2 respectively. Both figures were higher than those of 1991.This was really a good result benefited from government regulated protection measures exercised in Jiaozhou Bay.
No obvious seasonal variation in species composition, biomass and density was observed, but seasonal variations of some species were noticeable, such as Alpheus japinicus who were rich in spring. Abundant species, high biomass and density were found in Stations 2 and 3, which was because their locations were near Cangkou, where soft bottom and rich nutritional materials were received. It was vise versa in Stations 7 and 9 situated in the mouth of the bay with coarse-sanded bottom.
In general, the results of the recent investigation showed no clear relationship between the distribution of crustacean and temperature. Salinity and primary production had great effect on biomass and density of crustacean in Jiaozhou Bay. |
| Key words: Jiaozhou Bay, Macrobenthic crustacean, Biomass, Density, Environmental factor |
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