| 摘要: |
| 评述了以红树林和珊瑚礁为代表的我国热带生物海岸的分布及其面积、生物群落的破坏、海岸保护与管理、科学研究等各个方面的现状,以及生态系统修复与重建技术研究进展。指出热带生物海岸及其上的红树林、珊瑚礁热带海岸生态系统具有特殊的资源价值和生态效益,对热带海岸社会经济可持续发展十分重要;另一方面对日益频繁的人类开发活动和自然环境变异十分敏感和脆弱,而且其直接经济价值相对较低而通常易于被忽视。随着我国社会经济近20年来的快速发展,导致热带海岸地区人口、资源、环境压力加剧,热带生物海岸红树林和珊瑚礁资源已经受到生态破坏性开发活动的极大破坏而急需保护。尽管政府采取了保护管理的各种措施,包括相关法律、自然保护区、科学研究、生态系统修复与重建的实验、研究和推广,但是总体上衰退的趋势尚未扭转。热带生物海岸在我国河口海岸生态环境变异和资源可持续利用研究中具有特别重要的意义。应该加强我国热带生物海岸的调查、监测、评估、研究,以适应热带生物海岸和相关生态系统的保护、管理、恢复、重建和可持续发展的紧迫要求。 |
| 关键词: 红树林 珊瑚礁 热带生物海岸 生态系统修复与重建 现状评述 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目49776303号;“九五”国家科技攻关资助项目96-007-03-04号 |
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| STATUS OF TROPICAL BIOLOGICAL COASTS OF CHINA:IMPLICATIONS ON ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION AND RECONSTRUCTION |
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ZHANG Qiao-Min
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Open Laboratory of Margin Sea Geology and Paleoenvironment, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301
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| Abstract: |
| This paper reviews the status of tropical biological coasts, such as mangroves and coral reefs, of China for their distribution and extents, destruction of biological communities, coastal protection and management, and scientific research, and the technical progress of ecosystem restoration and reconstruction. Tropical biological coasts and the mangrove and coral reef ecosystems on them possess special resource value and ecological benefits, and have a great significance for social and economic sustainable development in tropical coastal areas. On the other hand, they are sensitive and vulnerable to human activities and natural environment variations. They have relatively low direct economic benefits, and are easy to be extremely undervalued. As the society and economy have been rapidly developing in tropical coastal area of China during the past 20 years, the stress of population, resources, and environment became progressively large. The mangrove and coral reef coastal resources have been severely destroyed by ecologically destructive development activities and need urgent protection. Up to now, although the government has taken some measures for protection and management, including the relevant laws, the natural reserves, the scientific research and experiments, and ecosystem restoration and reconstruction techniques, the general worsening trend was not reversed yet. The research of tropical biological coasts has a special importance for the coastal and estuarine environments resource sustainable development. Surveying, monitoring, assessment and research of tropical biological coasts should be strengthened to meet the needs of protection, management, restoration, reconstruction and sustainable development of tropical biological coasts and relevant ecosystems. |
| Key words: Mangroves, Coral reefs, Tropical biological coasts, Ecosystem restoration and reconstruction, Status review |
