| 引用本文: | 方建光,孙慧玲,匡世焕,梁兴明,牛锡端,刘志鸿,李锋.泥蚶幼虫滤水率和摄食率的研究.海洋与湖沼,1999,30(2):167-171. |
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| 泥蚶幼虫滤水率和摄食率的研究 |
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方建光, 孙慧玲, 匡世焕, 梁兴明, 牛锡端, 刘志鸿, 李锋
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中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 青岛266071
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| 摘要: |
| 于1996年8月在胶南市棋子湾海珍品育苗场采集已孵化5天、壳长达到154μm的泥蚶面盘幼虫，利用Coulter Counter颗粒计数器测量泥蛐幼虫培育水体中饵料颗粒物质浓度的变化，对泥蚶幼虫的滤水率、摄食率进行了测定，并得出泥蚶幼虫滤水率、摄食率与生殖发育之间的关系。结果表明，泥蚶幼虫的壳长与其滤水率和摄食率均呈正相关，即幼虫壳长越长，其滤水率和摄食率越高。在相同环境条件下，幼虫的培育密度与其滤水率呈负相关。泥蚶幼虫的摄食率在投喂饵料后2h左右达到最大值，然后逐渐下降。 |
| 关键词: 泥蚶幼虫 滤水率 摄食率 幼虫密度 |
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| 基金项目:国家攀登计划B资助项目，PD B-6-3-2号 |
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| STUDY ON THE FILTRATION AND INGESTION RATE OF BLOODY CLAM LARVAE TEGILLARCA GRANOSA |
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FANG Jianguang, SUN Hui-ling, KUANG Shi-huan, LIANG Xing-ming, NIU Xi-duan, LIU Zhi-hong, LI Feng
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Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academ of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071
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| Abstract: |
| In order to identify the optimal feeding ration and to reveal the relationship between the size and ingestion rate, the filtration rate of veliger and metamorphic spat Tegillarca granosa was measured at the Mariculture Ecological Laboratory (MEL), Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China, from August 16 to 30, 1996. The 5-day old veligers with a shell length of 145μm were collected from the hatchery located in Qizi Bay, Jiaonan County, 100km to the south of Qingdao, reared in the laboratory in three aquariums with densities of 3, 7, 9ind/ml, respectively, and kept in the laboratory in filtered seawater at 26-28°C, with a salinity of 28. Isochrysis galbana is the only food for the larvae and spat during the experiment period.
Filtration rate was estimated by measuring the reduction of particles in the aquarium with 10L volume of filtered seawater using the formula FR=(V/t)ln(C0/Ct), where t is the time in min; C0 and Ct are the particle concentration at time 0 and time t, respectively, and V is the volume of aquarium (μl). The ingestion rate was calculated using the formula: FD=Ct×FR, where Ct is the particle concentration at the sapling time and FR is the filtration rate of larvae (μl/min). The filtration rates of larvae were measured with the densities of 3, 7 and 9 larvae/ml, respectively. During the period of experiment, the larvae were fed with Isochrysis galbana in the concentration of 15000cell/ml, added twice a day, the first added at 9:00 am, immediately before sampling and the second added at 6:00 pm after finishing the sampling of the day. In order to supply enough oxygen and keep the larvae well distributed in the water, but not to stir the faces of larvae or sedimentary material in the bottom of aquarium, very faint aeration was supplied during this experiment.
The concentration of particles were measured with an electric particle counter (Coulter Counter, Model ZB1 with a 100μm tube orifice diameter).
The results show that firstly, the filtration rate of larvae increased with the decrease of culture densities of larvae. The higher the cultivating density of larvae, the lower the filtration rate. Secondly, there is a positive correlation between the filtration rate and larvae size, which can be expressed as a function of shell length (L, μm): FR=0.00007e0.0535L (r=0.9327). It varied from 0.14μl/min to 3.52μl/min when the shell length of larvae increased from 148μm to 200μm. Thirdly, the variation in the ingestion rate of larvae had almost the same trend as that of the filtration rate. It can be expressed as a function of the shell length (L, μm): FD=0.02173e0.0446L. When the larvae grew up from 148 to eye-spot stage (174μm), the ingestion rate increased from 1.8 to 7.3cell/min. When the larvae finished its metamorphosis and grew up to 200μm in shell length, the ingestion rate increased sharply to 27.2cell/min, almost four times of that of eye-spot larvae, six times of umbo larvae and 17 times of D-shaped larvae with a shell length of 148μm. Finally, after around 2h of feeding, the filtration and ingestion rates reached maximum values, then declined gradually. The bigger the larvae, the more sharply the decline would take place. |
| Key words: Tegillarca granosa larvae, Filtration rate, Feeding rate, Larvae densities |
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