| 引用本文: | 郝恩良,祝陈坚,李铁,石晓勇,于圣睿,王永辰,史致丽,孙秉一.浅海原油净化过程的模拟实验──悬浮物对油的吸附作用.海洋与湖沼,1998,29(2):156-162. |
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| 浅海原油净化过程的模拟实验──悬浮物对油的吸附作用 |
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郝恩良1,2, 祝陈坚1,2, 李铁1,2, 石晓勇1,2, 于圣睿1,2, 王永辰1,2, 史致丽1,2, 孙秉一1,2
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1.青岛海洋大学海洋化学系 青岛;266003
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| 摘要: |
| 1989年3–7月在实验室内采用模拟实验的方法进行黄河口悬浮泥沙对胜利油田的河口油和东营油吸附作用的研究。结果表明，在一定温度下悬浮物对油的吸附符合Freundlich关系式：Qp=Kd*Cw1/n。分配系数（Kd）和最大吸附量（Qm）随海水温度、盐度及颗粒物粒径的增大而降低，并且东管油的分配系数和最大吸附量大于河口油。黄河口悬浮泥沙对两种油的吸附作用主要是物理吸附，吸附热约为-8,6–-34 kJ/mol。实验结果同时表明，悬浮泥沙对油的吸附速率比较快，在20min左右即可达到吸附平衡。 |
| 关键词: 海洋石油污染 悬浮物 油的吸附作用 分配系数 |
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| 基金项目:国家环保局资助项目，896701号 |
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| STUDY OF CRUDE OIL PURIFICATION IN SHALLOW SEA AREAS —THE ADSORPTION OF DISPERSED CRUDE OLL BY SUSPENDED MATERIAL |
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HAO En-liang,ZHU Chen-jian,LI Tie,SHI Xiao-yong,YU Sheng-rui,WANG Yong-chen,SHI Zhi-li,SUN Bing-yi
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Department of Marine Chemistry, Ocean University of Qingdao, Qingdao, 266003
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| Abstract: |
| In order to understand the adsorptive purification process by the suspended material to deal with oil spill events in seawater, indoor simulation experiments using the suspended sediment of the Huanghe River Estuary and Hekou and Dongying Crude Oils in different salinities and temperatures of seawater were conducted during March-July, 1989. The results are as follows.
1. The adsorption of the oil by suspended material in certain temperature is in accordance with the Freundlich empirical equation: Qp=Kd*Cw1/n. On the basis of the experimental data, a liner relationship exists between Qp, and Cw, i.e. 1/n=1. Hence, the above equation can be written as Qp=Kp*Cw. Here, Qp is the content of the oil adsorbed by the suspended material and Cw is the concentration of the oil in the water during adsorption equilibrium. The distribution coefficient (Kp) decreases if salinity and temperature of water increase, and if the granularity of the suspended material increases.
2. The adsorption by the suspended material of the Huanghe River Estuary belongs to physical adsorption. The adsorptive heat can be calculated from the equation: ln(Kp)= delta H/RT + B, where delta H is the adsorptive heat, T (oK) is the temperature of the adsorption, and R, B are constants. Delta H and B can be calculated from the regression of ln(Kp), and 1/T, the result shows that delta H -8.6 – -34 kJ/mol.
3. The maximum adsorption amount can be written as: Qm=B0 + B1*T+ B2*S, here, B is a constant. The result shows that Qm decreases if the salinity and temperature of the water increases.
4. The dynamics can be expressed as: Oil + Susp <=(at k)=> Oil*Susp. The adsorptive rate(dQm/dt) can be written approximately as: dQm/dt = k (Qm-Qt), or Qt =Qm (l-e-kt) (FH) the amount of oil adsorption by the particles measured at t, Here, Qt and k is the adsorptive rate coefficient. It is shown that the adsorption of the dispersed crude oil by suspended material is rapid and the equilibrium time is around 20 minutes; this process will be more rapid when temperature rises. |
| Key words: Oil pollution in ocean, Suspended material, Adsorption of oil, Distribution coefficient |
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