| 摘要: |
| 耳石(Otolith)是硬骨鱼类(Teleosts)在生长过程中沉积在内耳中的结石,主要矿物成分是CaCO3起声音接收和平衡定向作用。其内部轮纹(日轮Daily ring或年轮Annul ring)像在其他海洋动物特定钙化组织(如瓣鰓类外壳、珊瑚骨骼、多毛类颌骨、乌贼内壳、哺乳动物牙齿)中的轮纹一样随鱼类的发育而生长,并沉积着现场水环境中的主要化学元素。由于在形成过程中其轮纹形态结构与化学组成相当稳定,记录了鱼类个体生活过程中丰富的生物物理化学环境信息,所以,耳石信息分析可以揭示鱼类的生活史及其所经历的环境变化。在目前,耳石信息分析的应用涵盖了鱼类生态学研究的诸多方面,如鱼类的孵化和早期发育生长、产卵场和产卵期判定、仔鱼的运输过程(Larval transportation、年龄鉴定与种群鉴定(Age determination & population discrimination)、个体迁移(Migration)等。近年来,随着相关科学和技术的发展,它已经成为一种揭示鱼类生活史、生活史重建(Recastruction of life history)以及海洋环境域变(Regime shift)的关键技术,也是国际上渔业科学和海洋环境科学的研究热点。过去10年内三次国际鱼类耳石学术会议的成功举办(1993 Maryland-USA，Secor et al,1995a，1998- Bergen-Norway Fossum et al,2000；2004- Townsville Australia Begg et al,2005)大大推进了该研究领域的发展。其研究方向主要包括年龄鉴定与验证、显微结构分析(Microstructure)和微化学分析(Microchemistry)(Stevenson et al.,1992 ；Secor et al..1995a， Fossum et.al, 2000； Campana 1999， 2001； Elsdon et al, 2003a, b；Begg et al, 2005 )等。 |
| 关键词: 耳石、生活史重建 |
| DOI： |
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| AN INTRODUCTION TO FISH OTOLITE RESEARCH TECHN IQUES AND APPLICATIONS |
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Dou Shuozeng
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Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266071
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| Abstract: |
| Otoliths are data loggers that record both environmental and biological information in their microstructure and microchemistry, which is critically essential for interpreting the life history of fish and constructing environmental history.This information can be used to reveal the age, growth, migration and habitats of fish at either individual or population level.Many techniques have been recently developed for age validation, some of which (e.g.boom radiocarbon chronometer, radio chemical dating and OTC) have been proven to be robust and reliable in validating the age of the long-lived fishes, the species rarely studied in the past.Techniques commonly used for microchemistry analysis (e.g.elemental fingerprint) include ICP-MS, EPMA,AAS, PIXE and stable oxygen and carbon isotopes etc..SEM is mostly applied tom icrostructure (Daily ring and increment)examination. |
| Key words: Otolith,Recastruction of life history |
