| 摘要: |
| 大洋铁锰结壳是继大洋多金属结核之后出现的又一极具潜在经济价值的水下固体矿产(王毅民，1992)，富含Mn、Fe、Cu、Co、Ni和Pt多种金属元素及非金属元素P，Co含量最高可达2.5%，是大陆含Co矿床的数倍到数十倍，铂的平均含量也是上地壳的80倍。据众多科学家的初步估计，仅太平洋西部火山构造隆起带上，铁锰结壳矿床的潜在资源量就达10亿t，其中Co金属含量可达600万～700万t，经济总价值超过1000亿美元(Klinkhammer et al.，1980；Halbach et al.，1984；DeCarlo et al.，1987；何高文等，2001)。这与全球陆地已探明Co资源总量仅为1 500万t相比，数量极为可观，并且结壳的产出水深多小于3000 m， 易于进行系统的、大量的样品采集，开采风险及开采时对环境的影响也较小。因此，近年来，随着世界经济的蓬勃发展和高新技术的开发， 对Mn、Cu、Co、Ni等元素的需求日益增大及由此所导致的陆地上这些资源的迅速枯竭，使人们纷纷将目光转向深海底矿产，加大了对海底铁锰结壳资源的研究力度和深度，其资源的经济地位也相应进一步提高。据专家预测，大洋铁锰结壳很可能会比大洋的金属结核率先实现商业性开采，并成为21世纪新兴的海洋矿产产业(Hein et al.，1998；潘家华等，1995)。
此外，结壳还有净化空气中SO2与NO2的氧化催化剂等用途，并且铁锰结壳成矿环境的研究，还具有较高的科学价值，可使科学家进一步深入了解和认识地内深部物源、海底水-岩反应、金属成矿富集过程及其中的微生物成矿作用乃至古海洋环境演变等问题，而这些问题迄今仍未得到完善解决，是当前地学和海洋学领域的研究热点。这就使铁锰结壳成矿环境的研究显得尤为重要。 |
| 关键词: 铁锰结壳 成矿环境 矿产 |
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| 基金项目:中国科学院知识创新工程重点方向项目(KZCX3-SW-223)和国家重点基础研究发展规划资助项目(G2000046703)。 |
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| Progress in Research on Metallogenic Environment of Ferromanganese Crusts |
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XU Zhaokai1,2, LI Anchun1, JIANG Fuqing1
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1.Institute of Oceanology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences;2.Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
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| Abstract: |
| Ferromanganese crusts are some of the most potentially valuable mineral resources under seawater, and are rich in metal elements, such as Mn、Fe、Cu、Co、Ni、Pt. Due to their abundance, high potentially economic value, low exploitation venture, and low exploitation influence on the environment, they have become notable internationally. The most favorable environments for crusts to form are underwater seamounts faraway from active tectonic zone formed by volcanoes and have subsided many times. Their formation and distribution are related to volcanic action, seamount structure, types of basement rocks, and their weathering degree, etc. Seamounts furnish favorable environments for ferromanganese crusts to form and develop; volcanic action and weathering of basement rocks furnish rich materials for ferromanganese crust formation and microbial action catalyzes and accelerates the process. The influence of seamount structure, volcanic action and basement rocks, etc. on the formation and distribution of ferromanganese crusts, material source and formation mechanism of ferromanganese crusts are still not known perfectly. We think that the above fertilize grounds for research. Resolutions of these problems are helpful for developing the theory of methallic enrichment and metallogenic environment of ferromanganese crusts. At the same time, the development of high precision microscope and the advance of dating technology with isotopes will promote the development of these studies. |
| Key words: ferromanganese crusts formation and distribution volcanic action |
