| 摘要: |
| 海浪和风暴潮是重要的海洋灾害。对它们的精确预测和预报对沿岸海洋灾害的风险评估及海洋工程的设计具有极其重要的社会和经济价值。过去人们本多对波浪和风暴潮单独进行预报。实际上，风既产生浪又产生风暴潮，因此它们的产生必然存在相互作用。本研究的目的就是要建立一个渤海高分辨率的双向耦合的海浪和潮汐风暴潮数值模式，研究各耦合机制的影响，以期为黄河三角洲沿岸风暴潮海浪漫堤、漫滩风险评估提供更为准确的海浪风暴潮预测预报结果。
作者在研究中基于国际上先进的第三代海浪数值模式和潮汐风暴潮模式，建立了渤海2'×2'的海浪和潮汐风暴潮耦合数值模式。耦合模式充分考虑了三个主要耦合物理机制：依赖海浪状态的表面风应力，波-流相互作用底应力和辐射应力。波浪模式主要基于国际上第三代WAM模式，并对其进行了浅水效应的改进，以包括浅水深度破碎引起的能量耗散；潮汐风暴潮模式计算中开边界考虑了10个主要分潮K1，O1，P1，Q1，M2，S2，N2，K2，Sa，Ssa。依赖海浪状态的表面风应力取自Donelan等(1993)的结果,波-流相互作用底应力取自Signell等(1990)对 Grant and Madsen(1979)简化的结果，辐射应力以海浪谱表示。耦合计算中，两个模式通过三个耦合机制双向传递所需参量。
运用胜利油田中心一号观测的2个同步浪、潮、流资料对所建的耦合模式进行了检验，并通过耦合和非耦合模式结果的对比对各耦合机制的影响效应进行分析研究。研究结果表明，不同物理机制对波高的影响主要由能量方程中以辐射应力表示的波流相互作用所决定；在波-潮耦合作用中，依赖波令的表面风应力和辐射应力对水位是正效应，而波流相互作用底应力对水位是负效应。三个物理机制的综合净效应是正，可增加水位达25cm。比较显示，耦合模式的结果无论对波高还是水位都比非耦合模式的结果好，特别在峰值处。
本研究显示耦合模式的结果将改进海浪和风暴潮的模拟精度。所建立的耦合模式将对渤海海浪和风暴潮预报精度的提高，以及为黄河三角洲近岸海浪和风暴潮灾害的风险评估，提供更可靠的参数，具有重要的价值。 |
| 关键词: 海浪 风暴潮 耦合 数值模式 |
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| Numerical Study of wave Tide Surge Coupling Processes |
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YIN Baoshu1, SHA Rina1,2, YANG Dezhou1, CHENG Minghua1
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1.Institute of Oceanology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences;2.Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
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| Abstract: |
| Risk assessment of storm surge and wave hazards in the Huanghe Delta coastal area of the Bohai Sea requires accurate prediction of storm surge and wave hazards. So this study is aimed at establishing a coastal high-resolution (2′×2′) two way coupled wave-tide-surge model, including three main physical mechanisms. The model was used for comparisons and analysis of simulated and measured wave heights and sea level in two moderate storm cases in the Huanghe Delta coastal area. We show that the effects of different physical mechanisms on wave heights are mainly determined by wave- current interaction by radiation stress in the wave energy equation. Wave age dependent surface wind stress and radiation stress mechanisms in the coupling wave-tile-surge interaction have positive impact on sea level, and wave-current interaction bottom stress mechanism show negative impact on sea level. The comprehensive effects of three main physical mechanisms show positive net impact on sea level and increase it by as much as 25cm. We show that the wave height and sea levels simulated by the coupled wave tide-surge model agree better with the measured values compared to uncoupled model results particularly for peak storm conditions. |
| Key words: wave-tide-surge model numerical simulation |
