| 摘要: |
| 近海海区通常是指离岸3n mile以上或水深超过25m的水域(Relini et al.，1994)；海洋污损生物是海洋环境中栖息或附着在船舶和各种水下人工设施上，对人类经济活动产生不利影响的动物、植物和微生物的总称，它不仅是影响海洋设施安全与使用寿命的重要因素，也是人类开始接触海洋时所关注的问题。本文就污损生物对海洋结构物的影响和我国近海污损生物研究的进展状况、存在问题等方面进行了综合论述，并对未来几年内为研究方向和重点进行了探讨，以期为下一阶段研究工作提供一些具有参考价值的依据和建议。 |
| 关键词: 污损生物 防污 |
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| STUDY OF OFFSHORE FOULING IN CHINA——NOW AND IN FUTURE |
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Yan Tao, Yan Wenxia
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South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, the Chinese Academy of Sciences
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| Abstract: |
| Biofouling on underwater parts of man-made structures is a major economic and technical problem hindering the development of ocean engineering. It increases the hydrodynamic loading on a structure, obscures the underlying substratum to hinder under inspection, impairs the efficient operation of marine engineering systems, and worsens corrosion behavior and characteristics by providing anaerobic conditions favoring growth and activity of bacteria. Absence of or inadequate data on fouling will cost money in overdesign or in failures of structures. The increased oil and gas related development in offshore areas led to intensified study on marine fouling and its effects on the structural performance of offshore installations around the world.
In order to meet the need for development of the offshore oil industry in China, extensive and intensive work on marine fouling has been conducted over the last twenty years. Related results showed that the type and extent of fouling assemblages developing on offshore installations varied with time, latitude, water depth, distance from coast, and type of man-made structures, i.e. floating or fixed. For example, the major species of fouling organisms in Bohai Sea are Garveia francisana and Corophium sp. in the early stage, and then the fouling communities are gradually dominated by Mytilus edulis, Sagartia rosea, Ostrea denselamellosa, Hiatella orientalis, Membranipora grandicella, Hydroides ezoensis and Balanus uliginosus. As for the offshore oil development areas of the northern South China Sea, the fouling assemblages are usually composed of pedunculate barnacles, hydroids, common oysters, pearl oysters and acorn barnacles. With increasing distance from shore, pedunculate barnacles and hydroids became more important, and the species number and biomass of littoral species occurring in the coastal waters decreased greatly. Moreover, pedunculate barnacles only distributed on objects floating and moving with wave and current. On the submerged surfaces of fixed marine structures, the fouling communities were characterized by hard foulers such as common oysters, pearl oysters and acorn barnacles.
For effectively assessing the potential impact of biofouling on marine facilities and for establishing appropriate cleaning (or prevention) procedures, further work should be focused on long-term fouling communities, and then be extended to mathematical modelling and its application. Related results could have valuable industrial applications, and also be used as a powerful tool by ecologists in their ecosystem studies. Additionally, in potentially fruitful areas for exploitation of new offshore gas and oilfields where the phenomenon of fouling has received little attention, related investigation should be conducted in advance. |
| Key words: biofouling prevention |
