| 摘要: |
| 渔业资源是一种不断变化和更新的生物资源,如能合理地开发和利用可望取得良好的经济、社会和生态效益及永续利用的目的。然而由于人类的过度的开发和利用,加之生态环境的日趋恶化,使得许多渔业资源遭到破坏而严重衰退。近十多年来我国渔业与世界渔业发展的总趋势相似,随着捕捞强度的盲目增加,使得许多传统渔业资源遭到不同程度的破坏,主要捕捞对象替代频繁,其结构发生了显著的变化,总趋势是:经济价值高的、个体大的、年龄结构复杂的和在生态系统中营养层次高的类群逐渐被经济价值低的、个体小的、年龄结构简单的和营养层次低的类群所替代;底层鱼类所占比例日益减少,中、上层鱼类及虾、蟹类比例逐年增加。
对渔业资源结构特点和演替规律的研究一直受到国内外学者的重视,许多国家为了保护其近海渔业资源和本国的渔业权益,纷纷宣布建立渔业保护区和专属经济区,并采取了一系列的保护措施,因此近年特别着重研究建立保护区后的渔业资源结构的变化( Gunnar,1989; Megrey and Wespestaa,1990; Pinhorn and Halliday,1990)。我国学者也有许多渔业资源方面的研究报告(中国海洋渔业资源编写组,1990;邓景耀等,1991；孙宗烨等,1987;宋海棠等,1990;罗秉征等,1992;1993)。本文探讨了近40年来我国近海渔业资源结构的特点及其演变规律及趋势,并对我国不同海区渔业资源的演变进行了比较,进而分析了我国海洋渔业资源变化的原因,旨在为更加合理地利用我国的海洋渔业资源,并为其持续发展提供科学依据。 |
| 关键词: 中国近海、渔业资源结构 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:中国科学院海洋研究所调查研究报告第2414号 |
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| STUDIES ON CHARACTERISTICS AND SUCCESSIONS OF STRUCTURE OF FISHERY RESOURCES IN THE CHINA SEAS |
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Lu Jiwu1, Luo Bingzheng1, Lan Yonglun1, Huang Songfang1, Zhu Delin2, Kong Xiangyu2
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1.Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica;2.Marine Fisheries Institute of Zhejiang
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| Abstract: |
| Results of analysis of trawlnet data from 1956 to 1989, from marine fishing companies for studies on the characteristics and successions of structure and proper utilization of fishery resources in the China Sea are presented in this paper.
There are abundant fisheries resources, varied species and complex district composition in the China Seas. Among the 39 species of main coastal fishery resources,warm-water element accounts for 69.2%,The second is warm-temperature element, accounts for 23.1% and 9 species. Cold-temperature element has the least species, only 3 and their proportion is 7.7%.
In the China Seas, resources of single species are not abundant, the distribution of major dominant species has regional property, so they are relatively independent,but utilization of them is inrarional.Most benthic species are over exploited, except for some shrumps, crabs, pelagic fishes and cephalopods still have certain potentiality.
In the past 40 years, the dominant species of fishery resources are replaced frequently, changes of their structure are manifest. The trend of successions was as follows:with the passage of time,the proportion of bottomfish resources declined yearly; on the contrary, shrumps, crabs and pelagic fishes, increased day by day and became smaller, younger and inferior. |
| Key words: China Seas,CHARACTERISTICS AND SUCCESSIONS OF STRUCTURE OF FISHERY RESOURCES |
