| 摘要: |
| 黄海和东海，连同渤海，是面积广阔的陆缘海，绝大部分区域的深度不超过160m，超过200m的深水区范围很小，东海平均深度370m，黄海平均深度44m ，渤海只有18m。黄海、东海的海底地形、海流系统和水团结构都相当复杂。强大的高温高盐黑潮暖流水和以长江为主体的低盐冲淡水占主导地位。北部的黄海冷水则是在特殊的地理和气候条件下形成的夏季低温水团，而台湾暖流和黄海暖流对局部海域水文状况也有一定的影响。它们的存在及其相互作用决定了黄海和东海海域的底栖动物区系性质。此外，海底沉积物结构类型及其理化性质对底栖动物的组成和分布也有相当大的影响，不同种的分布式样明显地反映了粗、细、软、硬底质的分布轮廓；而有些底内动物的活动又对沉积物的物理纹层和化学特点产生一定的影响。
黄海、东海底栖动物种类很多，有的种数量很大，不少种(虾类)是具有经济价值的渔业捕捞对象，或是经济鱼虾的天然饵料，有些又可作为水团、海流的指示种，与生物资源的开发利用以及海洋生物科学的发展有密切关系。本文根据多年调查资料，系统反映中国东部近海大型底栖动物的概貌和生态特点，内容包括种类和群落组成、分布及其与水文和沉积环境的关系。 |
| 关键词: 黄海 东海 底栖生物 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:中国科学院海洋研究所调查研究报告第1253号 |
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| ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MACROBENTHOS OF THE YELLOW SEA AND THE EAST CHINA SEA |
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Liu Ruiyu, Cui Yuheng, Xu Fengshan, Tang Zhican
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Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica
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| Abstract: |
| This paper presents the results of marine benthos research carried out in the East China. Sea, TheYellow Sea and the Bohai Sea dμring the recent by the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica.
The East China Sea covers a wide shallow water area which is less than160 meters deep with only a small part exceeding 200 meters and an average depth of 370 meters. The Yellow Sea is more shallow, averaging 44 meters in depth. The average depth of Bohai Sea is 18 meters only. Influence of the continental climatic changes and interaction?of the Kuroshio Warm Current, the Taiwan Warm Current，the East China Sea .and Huanghai Sea Coastal Currents, the Changjiang (Yangtze) River and Huanghe (Yellow) River diluted water and the Yellow Sea. Cold Water Mass result in very complicated oceanographic conditions.
Benthic faunas of the above mentioned areas are therefore also very complex in species composition, quantitative distribution and community structure, etc. In this paper special references are given to the relationship between the organisms and the physical oceanographic features, as well as between organisms and the sedimentation.
According to the distribution Pattern and the ecological characteristics，the macrobenthos inhabiting these waters may be .distinguished into three main ecological groups. |
| Key words: ECOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS MACROBENTHOS |
