| 摘要: |
| 西太平洋生成的热带气旋个数居世界首位(占全球总数的36%)，多出现在夏秋两季，以8，9月份出现的频率最高，分别占全年总数的21.4%和18.9%。台风于闽粤(以及台湾省)沿海登陆的次数约占我国登陆台风总数的86%。因此，该地区倍受台风及其诱发的风暴潮袭击，甚至造成严重的潮灾。
本文分析了30多次(1952-1974年)，发生在闽粤沿海的台风潮的全过程，阐明了不同类型台风引起的风暴潮的特点，讨论了单站气象因子对风暴潮的效应，介绍了所建立的经验预报公式。
纵观沿岸各测站风暴潮的逐时变化曲线，不论哪一类台风(登陆型或平行于海岸型)，沿岸各测站的风暴潮形态，其全过程均可大致分为三个阶段：“先兆波”、“主振”和“余振”。“先兆波”且是先于风暴到达之前的水位缓慢升高。随着风暴移至大陆架并向测站接近时水位急剧升高，在登陆时刻前后达到最大值(“主振”)。之后，在惯性力的作用下，水位残留着“余振”，随着时间的推移，在湍摩的作用下，水位逐渐恢复常态。就研究地区而言，风暴潮的变化随风暴路径、中心气压示度、风暴尺度和移行速度等参数的变化而变化。单站风暴潮位的变化与台风域中风暴潮位场的变化紧密相关，并非孤立的事件。台湾海峡的存在使该区海面变化极其复杂。因此，分区分析风暴潮特征是十分必要的。本文从以下几个方面对本海区的风暴潮进行了分析。 |
| 关键词: 台风潮 |
| DOI： |
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| 基金项目:中国科学院海洋研究所调查研究报告第1213号 |
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| PRELIMINARY STUDY ON TYPHOON SURGES ALONG THE FUJIAN AND GUANDONG COASTAL AREAS |
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Wang Xinian1, Liu Fengshu2
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1.Marine Environmental Forecasting Centre, National Bureau of Oceanography;2.Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica
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| Abstract: |
| Based on the analysis of 30 storm surge processes (1952-1974) along the Fujian and Guangdong coastal area, it can be seen that there are differences among the typhoon surges owing to the various tracks of typhoon. The landfalling typhoon is the main track bringing about disasters. The typhoon, moving parallel to the coast or in the distance，generally may not produce heavy surge. A typhoon surge by no means rises or falls steadily in the entire process, some associated oscillations with various periods superimpose on the surge and drastically develops with the forced wave. An entire process of a typhoon surge may last 3-5 days, the larger the scale of typhoon and the lower its speed, the 1onger the duration of the surge.
As concerns the landfalling typhoon, the occurrence time of peak surge of each station which lies on the right side of the moving direction of typhoon lags from the north to the south, like a wave traveling from the north to the south. According to the preliminary analysis, the main wave of the typhoon surge in the Strait has some character1stics of tidal wave, however, a serial inertiogravitational waves may be generated out off the Strait, particularlly under the topographic effect of the East China Sea, the typhoon morving northward along the coastline may lead to the generation of the ''edge wave”.
Due to the interaction between surge and astronomical tide, the surge curves shows an evident tidal oscillation. Here, the relationship between the speed of typhoon and surges as well as the correlation diagram between the occurrence time of peak surge and speed of typhoon and distance are given.
Finally, the effect of the meteorological factors of single station on the typhoon surges are discussed, the empirical forecasting equations are presented. In addition, the feasible range and practical results of the equations are analyzed. |
| Key words: TYPHOON SURGES |
