| 摘要: |
| 江蓠属海藻分布广,数量多，藻体大,生长于潮间带或浅水中,易于采集和人工养殖。由于碱处理法研究成功,提高了江蓠琼胶的凝固性,江蓠已成为制造琼胶的良好原料,我国相继建立了产品质量可与石花菜琼胶相媲美的江蓠琼胶工业,使我国琼胶工业有了很大发展。据Whyte等估计,1980年世界用作琼胶的海藻大约有39000吨干品，其中60%是江蓠,35%是石花菜:5%是鸡毛菜。这表明目前江蓠已超过石花菜。成为制造琼胶的主要原料。
江蓠属海藻的种类相当多,世界上约有一百多种,根据张峻甫和夏邦美1976年的报道,我国共有21种。种类不同的江蓠所含琼胶的数量和理化性质差别很大：即使种类相同也可能由于生长地区、环境和采集季节的不同而有差异。近年来研究这些变化情况的学者较多。但对我国不同种类江蓠所含琼胶的数量和性质的变化情况,除很少数种类外,尚未有人作比较系统的研究。本文的研究工作测定了我国10种江蓠属海藻的琼胶产率、凝胶强度、粘度、凝固点和融点等主要物理性质,同时分析了它们的3,6-内醚-半乳糖,硫酸基和半乳糖的含量,并试图对它们之间的关系作一探讨。 |
| 关键词: 江蓠属 琼胶产率 物理化学性质 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:中国科学院海洋研究所调查研究报告第1081号 |
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| COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE YIELD AND PROPERTIES OF AGAR FROM CHINESE SPECIES OF Gracilaria |
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Shi Shengyao, Zhang Yanxia, Liu Wanqing, Li Zhien
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Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica
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| Abstract: |
| Comparative studies were made on the yield, properties and composition of agar from 10 species (28 samples) of Gracilara collected on the China coast. The results obtained are listed in Tables 1 and the infrared spectra of which are shown in Figs.1,2,and 3.
There exists. a close correlation between the physical properties ( gel strength, gelation and melting temperature) and the chemical composition. The gel strength, gelation and melting temperature of agar extraeted have the positive correlation with 3, 6-anhydro galactose content and the negative correlation with sulfate content.
The yield, properties and composition of, agars obtained are different and dependent on the species of Gracilaria, the season and site. Of eollection.
Comparatively speaking, G.verrucosa, G. tenuistipitata and G. sjoestedtii at raw materials for agar production are better than other species studied. |
| Key words: YIELD AND PROPERTIES OF AGAR Gracilaria |
