| 摘要: |
| 海地瓜属Acaudina Clark,1907是印度一西太平洋印度马来亚区特有的芋海参,从潮间带到水深80米的沿岸浅海很普遍,在我国各海域都有发现,而且数量很多。
曾研究报道过中国海地瓜属的学者有: Semper(1868), Ludwig(1882), Chang(张凤瀛)(1934,1935),Yang(杨佩芬)(1937),张凤瀛等(1964)和Clark(1981)。
海地瓜属形态变化很大,骨片形态也不很稳定,有的完全没有骨片,或者仅在身体后端尾部有骨片,且随个体发育和栖息环境条件而変化。所以,海地瓜属在鉴定上存在很多困难,并且造成了许多混乱。
Sluiter(1912)曾对海地瓜属作了专门的研究,认为下列8个种和变种都是同一种。
有效的种只是模式种 Aphelodactyla molpadioides (Semper)一种。后来，Deichmann (Clak,1938)研究了Sluiter保存在阿姆斯特丹(Amsterdam)的材料,认为Sluiter的结论是正确的。1912年后又陆续发表了几个新种。Clark&Rowe(1971)在《印度-西太平洋区浅水棘皮动物专著》一书中列了下面5个种。
本文对中国科学院海洋研究所多年来在我国沿海采集的全部海地瓜标本(共807个)进行了详细研究。作者认为这一属可能只有两种,一种是海地瓜 Acaudina molpadioides (Semper),另一种是白肛海地瓜 Acaudina leucoprocta (H.L.Clark)。这两种中国都有。同时认为 Acaudina delicata (H.L.Clark)应是Acaudina molpadioides (Semper)的异名，Acaudina irania (Heding) 应是 Acaudina leucoprocta (H.L. Clark)的异名。Acaudina gephyra (Sluiter) 可能是 A. molpadioides (Semper)的非正常个体。本文还对海地瓜属的变异作了描述,这种变异似乎和栖息环境,特别是底质有密切关系。 |
| 关键词: 海地瓜属 海参纲 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:中国科学院海洋研究所调查研究报告第833号 |
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| NOTES ON THE GENUS ACAUDINA CLARK 1907 (ECHINODERMATA: HOLOTHUROIDEA) OF CHINA |
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Liao Yulin
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Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica
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| Abstract: |
| The genus Acaudina Clark, 1907 is one of the commonest groups of holothurians along the coast of the China Seas, from intertidal zone to the depth of 122 meters. During the past thirty years, a lot of specimens of Acaudina were collected from various localities. Recently I have made a detailed study on these materials. More than 800 specimens coming from the entire Chinese coast were examined. They comprise two species: the one is A.molpadioides (Semper) the other, A. leucoprocia (H. L Clark). A. delicata (H. L. Clark) is considered a synonym of A.molpadioides (Semper) and A irania (Heding) a synonym of A. leucoprocta (H. L. Clark ). I suspect that A. gephyra (Sluiter, 1914) may prove to be an abnormal specimen or a regenerate individual of A.molpadioides (Semper). The variation of spicules found in both A. molpadioides (Semper) and A. leucoprocta (H. L. Clark) during growth was described. |
| Key words: ACAUDINA CLARK |
