| 摘要: |
| 海洋生物声学的研究,在第二次世界大战后已取得了很大进展,并已在军事和生产上得到应用,取得了效果。海洋动物发声是海洋环境噪声的一个组成部分,也是声纳系统的水下背景干扰源,尤其是在近岸海区,往往不可忽视。所以,研究海洋动物发声,除了在海洋生物学的研究中有明显的重要性外,对进一步了解海洋环境噪声的产生原因、变化规律及其物理机理,以及在声纳设计等方面也是十分重要的。已有报道,人们曾观測到鼓虾、石首鱼类、海胆、殆贝、藤壶、鲸等海洋动物集群发出的声音,往往造成很强的海洋噪声源。这些生物机体噪声通常还具有季节性或周日性的变化。有关海洋生物机体发声的观测和信号分析研究,国外虽有一些报道,但仅限于某些海区。
据不完全统计,我国近岸海区的发声生物在100种以上,其中不少种类具有集群大、发声强的特点。石首鱼科鱼类是我国近岸海区主要的海洋发声鱼类,约占我国海洋发声鱼类总数的三分之一,在渤海、黄海、东海和南海均有分布。其主要发声器官为鳔和邻近的鼓肌,当鼓肌收縮时压迫内脏,使鳔壁共振发出声音。他们在上述某些海区集群发出的声音,有时在海面也能清晰听到。
本文主要对过去多年来我国渤海、黄海、东海近岸海区,某些集群大、发声强、具有代表性的石首科鱼的现场观测资料作了分析和阐述,其中包括集群发声的声学特征,以及随时间、地点的変化。 |
| 关键词: 发声鱼类 石首鱼科 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:中国科学院海洋研究所调查研究报告第673号 |
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| STUDIES ON THE AGGREGATE SOUND PROUDUCTION OF MOST SPECIES OF CROAKER(SCIAENOID FISHES) IN BOHAI SEA, YELLOW SEA AND EAST CHINA SEA |
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Qi Meng'e, Zhang Sizhao, Song Zhengxiu
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Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica
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| Abstract: |
| In this paper, data collected during 1965--1970 from Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea and East China Sea, on the characteristics of sound of croaker (sciaenoid fishes) with a greater sound-producing mechanism are analyzed and assessed. Spectrum analysis and data-processing were conducted in four different ways for the same sample. The value of basic parameter in sound power spectrum, such as spectral structure,distribution of spectral peak,etc. were obtained accordingly for six different fishes groups. It is indicated that the sound production of each species varied diurnally, and the differences were exhibited in different species and locations. The sounds of the sciaenoid fishes are produced by the vibration of muscles around or attached to the swim bladder. Their acoustic signal is of lower freguency, its frequency bandwidth is narrow, ranging about 400-1000 Hz, and the tones are monotonous about one octave. It was shown by analysis that the sound production of aggregate fishes did not coincide with the common opinion that the greater the velocity of water current, the stronger the intensity of aggregate sound.According to the characteristics and regularities of the sound production, it may be postulated that the sounds are likely to be means of communications of the fishes. |
| Key words: SOUND PROUDUCTION CROAKER |
